ZOO506 Midterm Current Papers Fall 2022 by Muhammad Zaman

Q2. What are tracheal gills?

Insects which in their early stage of live in water cannot, of course, breathe air into their bodies through spiracles during that period of their live.

There are enclosed in such cases and the animal obtains and usually through special structures called tracheal gills

Q3. How allergy is caused?

Allergy (hay fever, asthma, etc.) are frequently caused by exposure of susceptible persons to dried insect scales and hairs

4. Describe nematode disease and mention the name

of pathogen?

5. Physical transmission

• In case of Physical transmission the pathogen is simply carried externally or internally by the insect .Mostly Caused insects that have biting/chewing mouthparts.

6. Name the parts of legs in insect

•  Coxa
•  trochanter (two in a few cases)
•  femur
•  tibia
•  tarsus

7. Contact insecticide

Certain materials called contact insecticides, which kill insects by contact with their bodies Caused death by entering the spiracles and closing them up, thus producing suffocation.

Long question: · 1. Explain and Name the types of four stages · insect larvae. · Egg

Eggs are laid on plants by the adult female butterfly. These plants will then become the food for the hatching caterpillars.

Eggs can be laid from spring, summer or fall. This depends on the species of butterfly. Females lay a lot of eggs at once so that at least some of them survive. Butterfly eggs can be very small.

Caterpillar:

The Feeding Stage The next stage is the larva. This is also called a caterpillar if the insect is a butterfly or a moth. The job of the caterpillar is to eat and eat and eat. As the caterpillar grows it splits its skin and sheds it about 4 or 5 times.

Food eaten at this time is stored and used later as an adult. Caterpillars can grow 100 times their size during this stage. For example, a monarch butterfly egg is the size of a pinhead and the caterpillar that hatches from this tiny egg isn't much bigger. But it will grow up to 2 inches long in several weeks.

Pupa:

The Transition Stage When the caterpillar is full grown and stops eating, it becomes a pupa. The pupa of butterflies is also called a chrysalis.

Depending on the species, the pupa may suspended under a branch, hidden in leaves or buried underground. The pupa of many moths is protected inside a coccoon of silk. This stage can last from a few weeks, a month or even longer. Some species have a pupal stage that lasts for two years. It may look like nothing is going on but big changes are happening inside.

Special cells that were present in the larva are now growing rapidly. They will become the legs, wings, eyes and other parts of the adult butterfly. Many of the larva original cells will provide energy for these growing adult cells.

Adult:

The Reproductive Stage The adult stage is what most people think of when they think of butterflies. They look very different from the larva. The caterpillar has a few tiny eyes, stubby legs and very short antennae. The adults have long legs, long antennae, and compound eyes. They can also fly by using their large and colorful wings.

The one thing they can't do is grow. Most adult butterflies live only one or two weeks, but some species hibernate during the winter and may live several months.

2. Name the parts of thorax and abdomen of

insect.

• The thorax has its three segments usually quite clearly marked
• 1-Prothorax (have no wings)
• 2-Mesothorax ( have fore wings)
• 3-Metathorax ( hind wings)
• The first abdominal segment, when seemingly more apart of the thorax than of the abdomen, is called the median segment or ropodeum.

On the abdomen are various organs such as

◆ the ovipositor, ◆ sting ◆ cerci ◆ and styli, present in some cases, absent in others.

Different characteristics to identify the insect

Bilaterally symmetrical. Consisting of a series of segments. (a) Head (b) thorax (c) abdomen. The animal is covered by a Shell like skeleton present outside the body, horny in nature. Three pairs of jointed legs attached to the thorax. Pair of antenna. Mouth parts. Two pair of wings. Breathing through Air tubes. Reproductive organs present near the hinder end of the body

3. Insect-borne diseases

Insect-borne diseases are viral and bacterial illnesses from insect (bug) bites.

• mosquitoes are known for spreading the Zika virus, Yellow Fever, and Malaria.
• Malaria (protozoan): Anopheles species of mosquito.
• Dengue (virus): Aedes species of mosquito.