ZOO507 Past Paper

ZOO-507

M.C.Qs

1. Endotherms produced their own body heat through............ Mechanism. Internal
2. Hibernating animals possess.......... low metabolic rate
3. Human eye can detect electromagnetic radiations of wavelength range............... 380-760nm
4. ...........is used an ecological indicators to evaluate natural biodiversity. Species composition
5. Tropical rainforest are the regions of species of............. more than 50%
6. The completion within the species............ Intraspecific
7. Foliose is an example of........ Lichens
8. ................is a kind of association in which one organisms called parasite lives on the expense of host. Parasitism
9. Some animals protect themselves by using prominent............. coloration
10. Grassland biome is an example of........... terrestrial biome
11. Sulfur circulates in.............. Sulfur cycle
12. Chemically interactive nitrogen gas makes up......... Of the volume of atmosphere. 78%
13. El-nino effect which occurs every......... 2-7 years
14. A protective layer in the atmosphere that protects the life on earth from harmful effects of UV radiation from sun is............ ozone layer
15. Physical location of a gene.......... locus
16. Use or defence of a resource by one individual that reduce the availability of resources to other individuals. competition
17. The term ecosystem coined by Tansley in........ 1935
18. Abiotic components includes...... Temperature
19. A community is made up of many............. Interact in an area. population
20. The ecological niche is an important concept of.............. Structure. community
21. Cockroaches are present on earth since....... 350 million years
22. Invasive species is also called......... Alien species
23. A certain range of value within tolerance range is called the range of......... optimum
24. ............ Is a process that starts an ecological food web. photosynthesis
25. Spiders and insects are......... . (Secondary consumer)
26. Example of key stone species...... (bees, butterflies , hummingbirds, bats, alligator, wolf, leopard, lion, and
27. Food making processes called ......... (Photosynthesis)
28. Invasive species are also called..... (Alien Species)
29. Percentage of nitrogen in environment ..... (78%)
30. Hibernation is occur in large animal called .... (Winter Sleep)
31. Ozone is denoted as .... (𝑂3)
32. Mychriza is association between..... (Fungus & plant)
33. Living and non. Living things includes ----. (ecosystem)
34. Non. Renewable sources such as aluminium and ___. (copper)
35. comunity of different _ interact each other. (Population)
36. organisms are divided into __ types. (3)
37. viola tricolor live in _ environment (grasslands, wastelands, mainly on acidic or neutral soils. It is also found on the banks and in the alluviums)
38. ecological niche is important for the study of___. (Ecosystem)
39. blind indus dolphin belong to __ specie. (Endangered)
40. ____process start ecological food web. ()
41. ___Factor helpful to regulate the population? ()
42. ____%age of water that cover the earth surface. (71%)
43. __ zone contain mountain head water streams. (Transition)
44. Ectotherm organisms regulate their body temperature through__. (Environment)
45. CFCs stand for. (Cholroflouro carbons)
46. ___ is basic unit of life and responsible for the trait inherited. (Gene)
47. PAR stand for____. (Periodic Automatic Replenishment)
48. mRNA is furthur translated into ___. (Protein)
49. human affected environment __ %. (40%)
50. sulphur circulate through ___ cycle. (Sulphur)
51. commensalism. ()
52. foliose is growth form of __. (lichen grow on leaf like structure)
53. grass land biomes is example of ___. (Temprate)

54)

Q1. Aestivation (2 marks)

Aestivation or summer sleep is a period of inactivity and low metabolic rate in animals in response to high temperature and dry season. Aestivation is common in many invertebrates, reptiles, and amphibians. Aestivation is a kind of adaptation in some animals that helps them to survive in extended periods of drying. The animal usually enters a burrow as its environment begins to dry. It generally does not eat or drink and emerges again after moisture returns. The Australian burrowing frog, Cyclorana alboguttatus, in its burrow and water-retaining skin.

Q2. Exploitation (2 marks)

The diversity of interactions between herbivores and plants, between predators and prey, and between parasites, parasitoids, pathogens, and hosts can be grouped under the heading of exploitation--interactions between species that enhance the fitness of one individual at the expense of another.

Q3. Global warming (2 marks)

The average temperature of earth surface is increasing day by day due to increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Human activities are main cause of it. The earth is gradually heating up due to rise in temperature. This phenomenon is called Global warming. It is causing serious problems to the health of plants and animals and also the surrounding environment.

Q4. Counter shading (3 marks)

Counter shading is a type of color pattern in animals in which there is a dark pigmentation on the upper surface of body and light pigmentation on the lower surface of body. Counter shading helps an animal to blend in with its surrounding environment. Counter shading is a kind of camouflage common in frog and toad eggs. These eggs are darkly pigmented on top and lightly pigmented on the bottom. When a bird or other predator views the eggs from above, the dark of the top side hides the eggs from detection against the darkness below. On the other hand, when fish view the eggs from below, the light undersurface blends with the bright air-water interface. Penguins are another example that exhibit phenomenon of counter shading.

Q5. Solid waste (3 marks)

Solid wastes refer to everything that goes out in trash. Municipal solid wastes are wastes from homes, offices, stores, schools, hospitals, etc., that are collected and disposed by the municipality.

Solid waste is usually disposed of in landfills. Landfills take up space and, if not properly contained, can leach toxins into the soil and poison groundwater.

In countries with limited space, solid waste is burned at high temperatures that creates very hazardous ash, and pollutes the air with toxic chemicals

Hospitals generate hazardous wastes that contain disinfectants and other harmful chemicals, and also pathogenic micro-organisms. Such wastes also require careful treatment and disposal. The use of incinerators is crucial to disposal of hospital waste.

Irreparable computers and other electronic goods are known as electronic wastes (Ewastes). E-wastes are buried in landfills or incinerated.

Recycling involves manual participation thus exposing workers to toxic substances present in ewastes

Solid waste management

All waste that we generate can be categorized into three types,

1. Recyclable
2. Bio-degradable,
3. Non-biodegradable.

Q6. Overexploitation (3 marks)

Overexploitation of resources (or using resources at an unsustainable rate) is a critical problem in conservation. The overexploitation or non-sustainable use of wildlife is closely linked and plays an increasing role in the loss of biodiversity Overharvesting, non-sustainable use, and the illegal trade in some species are threatening not only their continued survival but also that of ecosystems and the livelihoods of communities and local economics that depend upon them.

Unsustainable hunting, fishing, logging, or gathering of wild populations leads to their commercial, ecological or global extinction.

Overexploitation can be divided into two major categories:

Direct exploitation ranges from commercial activities such as logging operations or trade in endangered species to subsistence hunting.

Indirect exploitation:

Indirect exploitation encompasses the unintentional mortality of non target species such as fish or turtles killed as by-catch in fishery operations. Both endanger species around the world.

Q7. Primary succession with example (5 marks)

The process by which a new community is propagated or initiated in an area where previously no life forms exist is termed as primary succession. Primary succession takes thousands of years to develop by the gradual accumulation of nutrients. Communities begin to establish in areas which are devoid of life. The first community to become established in an area is called the pioneer community. The organisms that develop this pioneer community are called pioneers. Examples are lichens and mosses whose seeds or spores are distributed by the wind and carried by animals. Death, decay, and additional nutrients add to the community. Over thousands of years nutrients accumulate, and the characteristics of the ecosystem changes.

Seral stage

Each successional stage is called a seral stage. The entire successional sequence is termed as a sere.

Biomass increases, nutrients are conserved more efficiently, and productivity declines in the course of succession.

Climax community

The relatively stable and uniform community developed by the pioneers through different successional stages is named as climax community. It is a final and mature stage of any community. Primary succession on a sand dune. Beach grass is the first species to become established. It stabilizes the dune so that shrubs, and eventually trees, can grow.

Q8. Ozone layer depletion and its effects (5 marks)

Ozone gas is continuously formed by the action of UV rays on molecular oxygen, and also degraded into molecular oxygen in the stratosphere. There should be a balance between production and degradation of ozone in the stratosphere. This balance is disrupted due to ozone degradation by Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs are released by refrigerants. CFCs discharged in the lower part of atmosphere move upward and reach into stratosphere. In stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing chlorine (Cl) atoms. Cl degrades Ozone releasing molecular oxygen. So CFCs have permanent and continuing affects on Ozone levels.