ZOO511T Current Solved Subjective 2024 by Ayesha Butt

Zoo-511T · Principles Of Systematics · By (AYESHA BUTT) · VU EXPERT ZOOLOGIST · CURRENT PAPERS JULY 2024 · SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS: · Social variation of insects.

In social insects there are definite groups of individuals in a colony. • Each type of individual in a colony performs specific function. • For examples in a colony of Honey bee: • Queen, males (drones) and workers, soldiers

Measures of variability.

1. Mean deviation
2. Variance
3. Standard deviation
4. Standard error
5. Range

Lateral line system and swim bladder of pisces.

The lateral line system functions as a sensory organ to sense the disturbances in the nearby environment. The swim bladder, also known as the gas bladder or air bladder, is a gas-filled organ found in most fish. It plays a crucial role in maintaining buoyancy, allowing fish to remain at their current water depth without having to expend energy in swimming

Classification of lady beetle

phylum: arthropoda

class: insecta

order: coleoptera,

family :coccinellidae.

Morphology of spider telson.

The telson or “sting” is the final structure of the metasoma that comprises a bulbous vesicle, which contains the venom gland, and a needle-like aculeus to perforate and inject the venom. All scorpion species possess venom, which is used to kill or paralyze prey and as a defense against predators

Composition of silk.

Silkworm consists of two main proteins, sericin and fibroin, fibroin being the structural center of the silk, and serecin being the sticky material surrounding it Chemical composition: fibroin: 70-75%, silk gum: 25-30%, waxy substance 2-3%, natural color 1-1.5%, mineral matter 0.5-1

• It is positive square root of variance. • Standard deviation "provides a sort of average of the differences of all scores from the mean. • It is a measure of the dispersion of scores around the mean. • Generally, a low standard deviation means that a set of scores is not very widely dispersed around the mean. • While a high standard deviation indicates that the scores are more widely dispersed • Its advantage over variance is that its physical unit are same as that of individual observation

Water vascular system of echinoderms.

Echinoderms have a unique system for gas exchange, nutrient circulation, and

locomotion called the water vascular system. The system consists of a central ring

canal and radial canals extending along each arm. Water circulates through these

structures allowing for gas, nutrient, and waste exchange.

main components are: madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canal, lateral

canal, tube feet, ampullae

Life cycle of lac insects.

After attaining the maturity, males emerge out from their cells and walk over the lac incrustations.

1. The male enters the female cell through anal tubular opening and inside female cell it fertilizes the female
2. Female lay eggs into incubating chamber inside her body. (June- July/oct-Nov)
3. After six weeks larvae are formed. (Feb-March)
4. These larvae then come out of female body and fix themselves to the Twing of plant (secrete resinous substance (LAC) around themselves and sit inside it and undergo molting) (3 times)
5. Adult

Skewed and normal data?

In normal data values of means, median mode are equal but this not the case for asymmetric or skewed data. • Normal data follow a bell shape curve. In skewed distribution one tail is larger than other. • In normal data most of the individual values are close to the mean of the data. However, in skewed that the difference between individual values and mean values is higher. • Extreme values are almost negligible in normal data but higher in Skewed Data • Values of standard deviation are less for normal data compared to skewed data. • Measure of central tendency for normal data is mean but it is median for skewed data.

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms without a defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli). Eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus and membranebound organelles, seen in organisms like plants (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana) and animals (e.g., Homo sapiens). This structural difference leads to more complex cellular processes in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes.

Aims of systematics:

Invent worlds kinds of organisms (flora and fauna) • Provide method for identification and communication • To produce coherent and universal system of classification and • Demonstrate evolutionary implications of biodiversity

Body shape and symmetry in echinoderm.

Symmetry usually radial, nearly always pentamerous. • Body shape globular, starlike, spherical, discoidal, or elongated

Test name of parametric test.

Parametric tests are used for Normal data • T-test • Z-test • F-test • ANOVA • Regression • Correlation

Crop and gizzard function in birds.

The crop stores and softens the food; however, the gizzard helps in crushing and churning the food

: From which plant part aphids can access phloem vessel?

Aphid feed from the phloem of plants which they trap into with the styelets of their proboscis. They gain access to the phloem vessels from 3 main parts of the plant, stems, leaves, and root

Characteristics of amphibians.

• They occur in fresh water and moist land. • Body is divisible into head and trunk.• The skin is smooth or rough having glands which keep it moist. •The gills are present at least in the larval stage
• The respiratory organs are lungs • The heart is three chambered, having two auricles and one ventricle. • Kidneys are mesonephric. •Ear consists of internal and middle ear. The eyes have eyelids
• Fertilization is external

Structure and morphology of scorpion chelicera.

The chelicera of scorpion is present in cephalothorax region. • They are scorpions jaws. • Each chelicera comprises three parts a coxa, tibia which has a fixed finger and the tarsus forming a moveable finger