BIF401 Midterm Highlighted and Short Handouts 2022 by Muhammad Zaman

BIF401 MID TERM HIGHLIGHTED & · SHORT HANDOUTS 2022 · COMPOSED BY · M ZAMAN

(I just highlight the main and important topics for midterm.

If you found any mistake please correct it and tell me also.)

Just take Concept · Because Concept is · Power · Chapter 1-Introduction to Bioinformatics · BACKGROUND

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary science at the cross-roads of biology, mathematics, computer science, chemistry and physics. With the digitalization of the biological information, doors have been wide opened towards the analysis of this information using computer algorithms and software. Now we know well that the human genome has over 25,000 genes and these genes code for thousands of different proteins which perform day-to-day functions in the living cell

EXPERIMENTS IN BIOLOGY

We have several next generation instruments and techniques available for obtaining digitalized biological information on genes and proteins etc. These instruments include:

1. Next Generation Sequencers (NGS) for whole genome sequencing
2. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for whole proteome profiling
3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for structural studies

DIGITALIZATION OF BIOLOGY

In today’s world, when a biologist performs an experiment in the wet-lab, he or she in fact produces digital data which is continuously being stored on computer disks. The data may include text, numbers, symbols or images.

SPEED OF DATA GROWTH

Due to advancement in instrumentation used in biological experiments, data is being accumulated at exponentially increasing rates. For example; genome sequences in genome databases are doubling every few years.

MOTIVATION

It is an interdisciplinary field as it covers the information of biological digital information including human, plants, animals and microorganisms. Although it is a new field but it is rapidly developing field. It demands a very low cost infrastructure and hardly any lab equipment. It presents us with plenty of opportunities in scientific discovery.

SCOPE OF BIOINFORMATICS

Storage of data Organization data Analysis of many experiments For representation of biological information

ACTIVITIES

In modern biological sciences, bioinformatics is used for activities such as: Developing algorithms for organizing data collected from experiments Writing software and tools for data analysis Data processing to determine the role of underlying biomolecules Statistical evaluation of data using methods such as t-test and ANOVA Data visualization for meaningful presentation of biological information