BIF401 Assignment 2

BIF401-Bioinformatics · Assignment 2,Spring 2023 · By Muhammad Kashif ( ) · *Due Date July 17* · یہ صرف ایک نمونہ حل ہے۔

ہر طالب علم کو انسانوں کا مختلف پروٹین چننا ہوگا اور پھر یہ تمام عمل شروع سے ا ٓٓٓ ٓ خر

تک کرنا · ہوگا۔ · اگر آپ یہ استعمال کرتے · ،ہیں تو آپ کو نمبر نہیں ملیں گے کیونکہ ہر طالب علم کو · مختلف پروٹین چن کر اس طریقہ کار کے مطابق کام کرنا · ہوگا۔ · Step 1: Selecting a Protein Sequence

1. Go to the NCBI database at
2. In the search bar, type the name of the protein you're interested in. For

example, let's say we're interested in the protein " Hemoglobin, alpha 1".

Type that into the search bar and hit enter.

3. Click on the first result under the " Protein" category.
4. On this page, you will find the information you need: the sequence is

displayed under the "SEQUENCE" section, the accession number is listed

at the top of the page, the sequence length is displayed next to the

sequence, and the function of the protein is usually described in the

" General protein information" section.

a) Protein Selected

Hemoglobin Alpha 1

b) Accession : · AAB59408 · c)Query Sequence :

>AAB59408.1 hemoglobin alpha 1 [Homo sapiens] MVLSPADKTNVKAAWGKVGAHAGEYGAEALERMFLSFPTTKTYFPHFDLSHGSAQVKGHGKKVADALTNA VAHVDDMPNALSALSDLHAHKLRVDPVNFKLLSHCLLVTLAAHLPAEFTPAVHASLDKFLASVSTVLTSK YR

d)Sequence Length :

e)Functions of Selected Protein (Hemoglobin Alpha1)

1. Oxygen Binding: Hemoglobin Alpha 1 combines with three other

subunits (two Beta and two Alpha) to form a functional hemoglobin molecule.

It binds and carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body,

ensuring an adequate oxygen supply for cellular respiration.

2. Carbon Dioxide Transport: Hemoglobin Alpha 1 also assists in carrying

carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, from the tissues back

to the lungs, where it is exhaled.

3. pH Regulation: Hemoglobin Alpha 1 helps maintain the pH balance in

the blood by binding to hydrogen ions (H+). This buffering capacity helps

prevent significant changes in blood pH, contributing to overall physiological

homeostasis.

4. Allosteric Regulation: Hemoglobin Alpha 1 participates in allosteric

interactions with other hemoglobin subunits, affecting its affinity for oxygen.

This allows hemoglobin to adapt to varying oxygen concentrations, facilitating

efficient oxygen loading and unloading in different tissues.

5. Genetic Disorders: Mutations in the Hemoglobin Alpha 1 gene can result

in hemoglobinopathies, such as alpha-thalassemia or Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis

syndrome, which affect the production or structure of hemoglobin, leading to

various health complications.

2. Paste the protein sequences of the same gene from 5 different species into

the box. You can obtain these sequences from the NCBI database, just like

you did in Step 1.

3. Select " Phylip" as the output format.
4. Click the " Run" button.
5. Once the results load, you can capture them for your document.

clustalw.phy

XP_0543092 MVLSPADKTN VKTAWGKVGA HAGDYGAEAL ERMFLSFPTT KTYFPHFDLS

Q9. TS35.2_1 MVLSPADKTN VKAAWGKVGA HAGDYGAEAL ERMFLSFPTT KTYFPHFDLS

XP_0040569 MVLSPADKTN VKAAWGKVGA HAGDYGAEAL ERMFLSFPTT KTYFPHFDLS HDS1036830 MVLSPADKTN VKAAWGKVGA HAGEYGAEAL ERMFLSFPTT KTYFPHFDLS

HCS8797820 MVLSPADKTN VKAAWGKVGA HAGEYGAEAL ERMFLSFPTT KTYFPHFDLS XP_0103801 MVLSPADKTN VKAAWGKVGG HGGEYGAEAL ERMFLSFPTT KTYFPHFDLS HGSAQVKGHG KKVADALTNA VAHVDDMPNA LSALSDLHAH KLRVDPVNFK HGSAQVKGHG KKVADALTNA VAHVDDMPNA LSALSDLHAH KLRVDPVNFK HGSAQVKGHG KKVADALTNA VAHVDDMPNA LSALSDLHAH KLRVDPVNFK HGSAQVKGHG KKVADALTNA VAHVDDMPNA LSALSDLHAH KLRVDPVNFK

HGSAQVKGHG KKVADALTNA VAHVDDMPNA LSALSDLHAH KLRVDPVNFK HGSAQVKGHG KKVADALTNA VAHVDDMPNA LSALSDLHAH KLRVDPVNFK

LLSHCLLVTL AAHLPAEFTP AVHASLDKFL ASVSTVLTSK YR LLSHCLLVTL AAHHPAEFTP AVHASLDKFL ASVSTVLTSK YR LLSHCLLVTL AAHLPAEFTP AVHASLDKFL ASVSTVLTSK YR LLSHCLLVTL AAHLPAEFTP AVHASLDKFL ASVSTVLTSK -- LLSHCLLVTL AAHLPAEFTP AVHASLDKFL ASVSTVLTSK -- LLSHCLLVTL AAHLPAEFTP AVHASLDKFL ASVSTVLTSK YR