BIF501 Final Term Current Paper Spring 2024

•  ORF stand for ----- open reading frame.

 PAM stand for ---pointed accepted mutation

•  FTP stand for--- file transfer protocol.

 LINE stand for ---long interspersed nuclear element ·  SINE stand for ---short interspersed nuclear element ·  PIR stand for--- protein information resource ·  HMM stand for ---Hidden Markova model ·  GCG stand for--- genetic computer group ·  TIGR stand for --- the institute of genome research ·  XML stand for – extensible markup language ·  PDGF stand for ---platelet derived growth factor

 NCBI stand for ---national center for biotechnology information

 EMBL stand for --- European molecular biological lab ·  DDBJ stand for ---DNA data bank of japan ·  GEO stand for--- gene expression omnibus ·  STS stand for sequence tag sites ·  BLOSUM stand for block substitution matrix ·  PSSM stand for position specific scoring matrix

•  PAM matrices do not perform well in case of distantly related proteins.
•  PAM (Point accepted mutations) using substitution data from similar proteins then extrapolating this information to longer evolutionary distances
•  Ab initio methods have Anfinsen’s thermodynamic hypothesis at the center.
•  These methods attempt to identify the structure with minimum free energy.
•  Ab initio methods rely on computing the energies of folded proteins.
•  The protein structures with the lowest energy are deemed as plausible predictions.

 BAC Abbreviation__Bacterial Artificial Chromosome ·  GEO abbreviation__Gene Expression Omnibus ·  DNA and histone form together____ nucleosomes ·  Department Of Energy (DOE) ·  National Human Genome Research Initiative (NHGRI) ·  Human genome project begun by Department ·  Of Energy (DOE) of USA in 1986

 Association rule has two parts___ • an antecedent (if) • a consequent (then)

 Bioinformatics required two things 1. Smart mind 2. Internet connected computer

 technique used for protein not present in database____

•  3D-1D Algorithm__Proposed by Bowie et al in 1991. It converts 3D structure into a 1-D string profile for each structure in the fold library.

 De novo protein sequencing algorithms- invaluable for known, unknown proteins

•  Find a protein from a database that best matches the experimental spectrum.
•  The technique which is used to identify different individual by DNA printing is called?__DNA fingerprinting
•  PCR__Replicate a small amount of DNA to create a larger sample for analysis.

 X-RAY use techniques__ Crystallography and ·  NMR Spectroscopy ·  BLAST stands for? Basic Local Alignment Search Tool ·  Fast Alignment (FASTA)