BIO302 Midterm Subjective and Objective Guess Paper 2023 by Sulman Ali

BIO-302 MIDTERM- 100% GUESS · PAPER 2023 · MOLECULAR BIOLOGY · BY SULMAN ALI · OBJECTIVES

1. All organisms that have a mismatch repair system have MutS and ___ homologs. (MutL)
2. An E. coli chromosome is estimated to have about___ super-coiled loops. (400)
3. The first discovered enzyme is known as__. (Diastase)
4. The incorporation rate of rNTPs is__ folds lower than dNTPs. (1000)
5. There are three human MutS homologs ( MSH2, MSH3, MSH6)

Q6. Which enzyme prevents the accumulation of supercoils ahead of the replication fork?

(helicase)

7. Hydrolytic deamination of cytosine is estimated to take place about a…. (100 to 500)

times a day in a mammalian cell

8. Which of the following is not a base of RNA? (Thymine(T)
9. Psoralen can___ DNA if photo-activated. (Alkylate)
10. The bond angles in protein primary structure resulting from rotations at C are labelled (phi) for the__. (N- alpha C)
11. Meselson and Stahl performed a classical experiment to distinguish among three possible models of DNA replication using isotope of__. (N)
12. DNA polymerases introduce about one mis-paired nucleotide per__ nucleotides. (105)
13. over all three dimensional arrangement of all atoms in protein.( Tertiary structure of protein).
14. In transcription information of DNA is copied from. mRNA
15. Pyrimidine consist of???( Heterocyclic aromatic ring structure composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms. It has a six-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and
16. Examples of pyrimidines include cytosine, thymine (in DNA), and uracil (in RNA).
17. Most important clue of structure of DNA before 1953 ( Erwin Chargaff)
18. DNA with bound histone in the eukaryotes is( Chromatin).
19. During DNA replication each strand serve as(template ).
20. Mutation is necessary evil as? not all mutations give advantage to organism
21. Replication machine achieves remarkably high degree of accuracy ( proofreading mechanism).
22. The RNA AU/GC ration was roughly .... To the DNA AT/GC ration. (Similar).
23. RNA polymerase perform s essentially the same reaction in all cells from bacteria to human.( RNA).
24. Strands of DNA are separated at the replication fork.. (dsDNA)
25. Types of histone protein__5
26. Simplest amino acid residues __ glycine
27. The most common cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer is _ thymine-thymine
28. Enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen is _ catalase.
29. Nucleotides join with bond___ phosphodiester bond
30. CPD photolyase is present in a variety of organisms except _ placental mammals
31. Hydrolytic deamination of cytosine is estimated to take place about _ times a day in a mammalian cell..... 100 to 500
32. Okazaki fragments vary in length from _ nucleotides in bacteria. 1000 to 2000
33. Griffith theorized that some substance of the dead bacteria might be responsible for that transformation . He called that substance as the transforming principle. _ True
34. The RNA AU/GC ratio was roughly _ to the DNA AT/GC ratio___ similar
35. The viral nucleic acid can be__ linear or circular
36. Cisplatin was found to block cell division in __E. coli.
37. DNA helicase separate____ DNA into__ Double stranded, Single strand
38. DNA consist of ____ helical polynucleotide strands which are wound around the same axis to form ____ double helix___ Two, right handed
39. DNA helicases can have a polarity of either___ 5’3’ or 3’5’.
40. How many different types of amino acids are present___ 20
41. The length of DNA around nucleosome also varies from one organism to the other ranging from about____ 170-240bp
42. Nucleoside is___ Nucleotide – phosphoric acid
43. The group of adjacent nucleotides are joined by____ Phosphodiester bond
44. RNA can base-pair with complementary regions of either___ RNA or DNA.
45. The overall three dimensional arrangement of all atoms in a protein is referred as____ Tertiary structure of protein.
46. Which of following purine base is present in RNA__ Guanine
47. Which nucleotides are considered as purine__ adenine & Guanine
48. Avery performed his experiment to give evidence about DNA is heredity material___

1944

48. The helical twist of the α-helix found in all proteins is__ right-handed
49. The DNA polymerase require a primer with a free___ 3’-OH
50. The bond angles in protein primary structure resulting from rotations at C are labelled (psi) for the____ bond ___ Alpha C-C
51. First enzyme diastase discovered by___ Anseime Payen in 1833
52. About ____ of all amino acid residues in polypeptides are found in α-helices.__ one-

forth

53. The palm domain of DNA Polymerase is composed of a ___ sheet and contains the primary elements of the catalytic site.__ Beta
54. A typical human cell contains about___ million copies of each kind of histone___ 60
55. The binding of histones to phosphate group of a nucleotide is aided by___ charged site chain of ___: Positive, Arginine.
56. Which shows the correct complimentary base pairing of DNA ___ A-T, G-C 63) The nucleotide containing nitrogenous base cytosine is known as: Deoxycytidylate
57. A nucleosome has about ___ nucleotides in eukaryotic genome__ 400
58. The percentage of nucleic acid in relation to protein is about ____ for the influenza virus__ 1%
59. CH3 Group attached at___ of thymine nitrogenous base__ C5
60. _____ is the nucleoside name of nucleotide adenosine___ Deoxyadenosine
61. Key substrate required for the synthesis of DNA to proceed are ___ and____:

deoxynucleoside triphosphate , Primer

62. The two DNA strands in double helix are joined by___ Hydrogen bond
63. Central dogma of molecular biology was laid in___ 1957 71)
64. Which is not type of RNA____ qRNA
65. When Frederick Griffith coined the term “transformation” this was in reference to the genetic re-programming of___ patients with pneumonia
66. E-coli chromosome consists of approx.____ nucleotide pairs___ 4 million
67. The bond between tRNA and amino acid is____ bond___ covalent
68. Urea was synthesized by Wholer in ___ 1828
69. The linkage between two amino acids removes a __ molecule__ H2O
70. Amino acid attach to__ end of tRNA.___ 3’
71. The junction between the newly separated template strands and the ___ dsDNA is known as _____unreplicated , replication fork
72. DNA bound histone in the eukaryotes is___ chromatin
73. During DNA replication each strand serve as___ Template
74. Mutation is necessary evil as __ not all mutations give advantage to organism
75. Replication machine achieves remarkably high degree of accuracy ___ proofreading

mechanism

76. The RNA AU/GC ratio was roughly ___ to the DNA AT/GC ratio___ similar
77. Strands of DNA are separated at the replication fork___ dsDNA
78. PAH stands for___ Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
79. Nucleic acids are ___ polymeric compounds
80. RNA contain how many ribonucleotides___ 5
81. ____ are exceptionally simple and extremely small microorganisms.____ viruses
82. Simplest amino acid residues ____ glycine
83. First discovered enzyme___ Diastase
84. Transition mutation example____ Alkylation Damage to DNA
85. Rosalind Franklin & Maurice wilkins discovered DNA by _____ X-ray diffraction
86. Types of nucleotides___ 5
87. How many types of ribonucleic acids are present in body___ three
88. Which RNA contain anticodon___tRNA
89. POL IV and POL V are present in plants where they transcribe ____ small interference

RNAs (RNi)

90. Which strand replicates in forward direction ___ leading strand
91. CPD photolyase is present in a variety of organisms except ___ human and other

placental mammals

92. Replication start on which strand___ Leading strand
93. Which enzyme play major role in replication___ DNA polymerase
94. Nucleic acid to protein ratio in influenza virus___ 1%
95. Metabolic ions reason of endogenous mutation____ DNA mutation
96. Which RNA bind with anticodon____ tRNA
97. Superoxide dismutase which convert _____ into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen ___

superoxide radicals

98. Which enzyme breaks the dsDNA and passes some amount of DNA from the break___

Topoisomerase

99. The most common cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer is ___ thymine-thymine

100. Enzyme that convert superoxide into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide___ superoxide dismutase 101. Separation of DNA is accomplished at__ chromosome end 102. Separation of DNA is accomplished by the action of ___ Type II topoisomerase. 103. Chromosome theory of Inheritance was given by ___ in__: Thomas Hunt

Morgan, 1910

104. The repeating units in nucleic acids are__ nucleotides. 105. The DNA connecting two nucleosomes is called ___ Linker DNA 106. Large polypeptide chains usually fold into two or more globular clusters known as___ domain 107. Secondary structure of proteins refers to the local confirmation of some part of a ____ polypeptide 108. If a super coiled DNA molecule receives a ____ the strain of unwinding is immediately removed. ___ Nick 109. Primary structure or ___ of protein refers to amino___ covalent structure 110. The first clue that DNA was the carrier of heredity information came from the work of ____ in___: Fred Griffth, 1928 111. Exposure of DNA to dimethyl nitrosamine leads to___ produce mono-adduct 112. Which enzyme are called succide enzyme___ alkyltransferase 113. Two mammalian 3’ exonuclease, TREX & TREX2 may convert the errors that introduced by ___ pol β