BIO303 Midterm Slides 1-72

BIOENERGETICS

Bioenergetics is the quantitative study of the energy transductions, that is.. changes of one form of energy into another—that occur in living systems, and of the nature and function of the chemical processes underlying these transductions.

fireflies convert energy into light

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Bioenergetic processes

1. Glycolysis is a biological process in which glucose is broken down into pyruvate thus generating two molecules of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) per molecule of glucose
2. Gluconeogenesis is another process in which the cell synthesizes glucose from biomolecules such as proteins, amino acids and fats
3. Citric acid cycle generates molecules of ATP by oxidation of energy stored in food material

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Laws of Thermodynamics

• There are two fundamental laws of thermodynamics.

1. First law

The first law is the principle of the conservation of energy: it states that “for any physical or chemical change, the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant; energy may change form or it may be transported from one region to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.”

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