BIO401 Final Term Questions

BIO 401 · (FINAL TERM SOLVED QUESTIONS SPRING 2021) · 1. Four windows of SPSS:

 Originally it is an acronym of Statistical Package for the Social Science but now it stands for Statistical Product and Service Solutions

The Four Windows:

• Data Editor
• Output Viewer
• Syntax Editor
• Script Window

Q2. What is range rule of thumb?

The Range Rule of Thumb suggests that values are unusual if they are outside of these limits. Maximum Usual Value = μ + 2σ Minimum Usual Value = μ - 2σ

Q3. Three methods of sampling?

• Simple random sample
• Systematic sampling
• stratified sampling
• cluster sampling

Q4. Define joint probability?

Joint probability is a statical measure that calculates the likelihood of two events occurring together and at the same time. joint probability is the probability of event of Y occurring at the same time that event X occurs.

5. cause-specific mortality rate:

int int n number of deaths asssigned toa specificcauseduring a gien time erval mid erval population

The cause-specific mortality rate is the mortality rate from a specified cause for a population. The numerator is the number of deaths attributed to a specific cause. The denominator remains the size of the population at the midpoint of the time period

6. Define SPSS:

 Originally it is an acronym of Statistical Package for the Social Science but now it stands for Statistical Product and Service Solutions  One of the most popular statistical packages which can perform highly complex data manipulation and analysis with simple instructions

7. PROBABILITY

When we talk about probabilities, we talk about the probability of the events that might occur in some random experiments.

8. RANDOM EXPERIMENT

An experiment which produces different outcomes in multiple repetitions of the experiment, performed under similar conditions, is called a Random Experiment.

9. Regression equation:

Regression equation describes the regression line mathematically Intercept

• Slope

10. Properties and uses of the Inter-Quartile Range

• The IQR is generally used in conjunction with the median. Together, they are useful for characterizing the central location and spread of any frequency distribution, but particularly those that are skewed.
• For a more complete characterization of a frequency distribution, the 1st and 3rd quartiles are sometimes used with the minimum value, the median, and the maximum value to produce a five number summary of the distribution. Together these five numbers provide a good description of the center, spread and shape of the distribution.

11. Percentiles

In an array the Percentiles are 99 values/cut-points that divides the values into 100 equal parts. Denoted by kp k = the k-th value

Q12. Define Regression Analysis?

In statical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statical processes for estimating the relationship between a dependent variable (often called the ‘outcome’ or ‘response’ variable) and one or more independent variables (often called ‘predictors’, ‘covariates’, ‘explanatory variables’, or ‘features’.

13. Coefficient of Variation

The Standard Deviation is useful as a measure of variation within a given set of data. However, comparing dispersion in two datasets on the basis of standard deviation may lead to fallacious results. Two means may be quite different.

• when one desires to compare the dispersion between two or more than two data sets then we prefer using coefficient of variation.

s CV x x

14. Types of events:

Simple event Composite event

If an Event consists of exactly one outcome, it is called Simple Event. If an event consists of more than one outcome, it is called compound event.

There are various other types of events like: Mutually Exclusive Events Collectively Exhaustive Events Equally Likely Events

• Independent and Dependent Events