BT102 Final Term Past Papers by Amir Ali

BT102 Final term

Composed by

Economies use of fungi?

food.

Gram Staining Procedure?

Crystal violet is added. – Primary stain

• Crystal violet is washed off.
• Iodine is added to enhance binding. – Mordant.
• The slide is washed off with alcohol. – Decolorizing agent
• Gram positive bacteria retain crystal violet
• Gram negative bacteria appear colorless.
• Crystal violet and iodine make a complex in the cytoplasm
• Peptidoglycan layer is thicker in Gram positive bacteria and CV-I is retained.
• Alcohol is rinsed off and stained with safranin. – Counterstain
• The smear is washed again.
• Blotted dry and examined microscopically.

Difference Simple and Differential Media?

Horizontal and Vertical Gene Transfer?

Chemical used in Gram staining?

Briefly describe Transduction, conjugation and transformation?

Kartography plasmogamy and meiosis?

Plasmogamy: A haploid nu acnledu sM oef iao sdios n2o r cell (+) penetrates the cytoplasm of a recipient cell (-). Both cells are haploid (one set of chromosomes). Karyogamy: The (+) and (-) nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote nucleus. Meiosis: The diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei (sexual spores).

Advantage of Dry Heat Sterlizatin?

How Microoragnism cause damged the body?

Infection with a pathogen does not necessarily lead to disease. Infection occurs when viruses, bacteria, or other microbes enter your body and begin to multiply. ... Pathogenic microbes challenge the immune system in many ways. Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function.

Microbial Identification?

Microbial identification can be defined as “microbial characterization by a limited spectrum of tests prechosen and appropriate to the problem being studied” Methods: Classical or Conventional Method, Serological testing, Nucleic acid based testing.