BT302 Midterm Objective Guess Paper 2024 by Sulman Ali

BT-302 OBJECTIVE MID TERM- · 100% GUESS PAPER 2024 · IMMUNOLOGY BY · SULMAN ALI GUJJAR (ZOOLOGIST) · OBJECTIVES

•  Another term used for the physical barriers of innate immune system.....(Anatomical

Barriers)

•  Which of the following are primary lymphoid organ.... (Bone Marrow, Thymus)
•  Which secondary lymphoid organ is responsible for the filtration of blood..... (Spleen)
•  (Phagocytosis)....... The process of engulfing the invading or infectious agent by phagocytes.
•  A substance that is non-immunogenic but can react with products of specific immune response......(Hapten)
•  Which antibodies are complement fixing antibody......( IgM and IgG)
•  IgG exist in the form of......( Monomer)
•  Strength of binding of antigen with many antigenic determinant & multivalent antibody........(Avidity)
•  Agglutinate is term used for visible clumps formation in.......(Agglutination)
•  The process by which a B-Cell changes the class of Ab but not specificity..........(Class

Switching)

•  Antibody from a single antibody producing B-cell.....(Monoclonal Ab)
•  hybridoma cell can grow on HAT medium
•  Snake venom pathway Both pathways
•  TCR have carbohydrates moiety
•  Immune response is carried out by carrier immunogenic
•  IgM is the third most common serum Ig
•  IgA is the 2nd most common serum Ig
•  IgG is the only class of Ig that crosses the placenta
•  Complement fixation tests are most commonly used to assay for antibody in a test sample but they can be modified to measure antigen
•  Sandwich ELISAs are the most common type of ELISA
•  Competitive ELISAs are commonly used for small molecules
•  IgA deficiency: This is the commonest form of immunoglobulin deficiency
•  The CD3 stands for Cluster of differentiation 3
•  Age is another biological factor which can also influence immunogenicity
•  Diabetes mellitus is non-infectious disease
•  IgA is the major class of Ig in secretions - tears, saliva, colostrum, mucus
•  Agglutination Reactions: These are antigen and antibody reactions in which the particulate nature of antigen causes the reaction with its specific antibody to form visible clumps. Such visible clumps are called as agglutinates.
•  Antibodies are produced by lymphocytes
•  Natural killer (NK) cells (May develop from both Myeloid and Lymphoid progenitor).
•  NK cells are produced from the bone marrow and are found in the bloodstream
•  Which antigen in anaphylaxis...IgE
•  Humans can make 10^7-10^8 different Ab molecules.
•  Recombination involves rearrangement of DNA in somatic cells… Somatic recombination.
•  Lymphoid linkage progenitor cells give rise to ------- B- lymphocytes, T- Lymphocytes, natural Killer, All of the given.
•  Major class of antibody produced during primary antibody response is ------- lgM
•  During complement fixation test, lysis of RBCs indicates a ----- Complement fixation test. Negative
•  Which of the following comes under mechanical factors regarding anatomical barriers? Skin, Epithelium membrane, Desquamation, All of the given
•  Lymph nodes, spleen and payer’s patches are. Secondary lymphoid organs
•  Substance that is non-immunogenic but can react with products of specific immune response called..... Heptan
•  Humans can make 10⁷ to 10⁸ different Ab molecules
•  T-cells maturation in… Thymus
•  Ag & Ab reaction which can be detected on the basis of substrate utilization by enzyme …ELISA
•  Nature of Ag & Ab reactions... Non covalent bonding Immunology is the study of ....both immune system & immune response
•  Lag phase of secondary exposure is... Shorter as compare to primary exposure
•  Peristalsis movement occurs in digestive tract
•  Valency is the Number of antigenic determinants which can bind with immunoglobulin.
•  Ag is presented to T-cells with..... Class II MHC
•  Suppose 10,000 lymphocytes recirculate every hour. If 100 of these encounter an antigen in lymph node then what percentage it achieved... 1%.
•  Antigen selects those clones of cells that have the appropriate receptor.
•  Suppose 10,000 lymphocytes recirculate every hour. If 100 of these encounter an antigen in the lymph node. What percentage is activated? (1%)
•  The expanded clones of B cells differentiate into plasma cells
•  Skin and mucus membrane are the examples of anatomical barriers that provides immunity
•  Examples of infectious diseases include the common cold, COVID-19, SARS and

tuberculosis

•  Which of the following disease is transmitted between individuals is tuberculosis
•  The prospective donor & recipient are tested for compatibility prior to transplantation. That’s why MHC is also called as Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)
•  Agglutination e.g Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) for SLE & RA
•  The antibodies which render such kind of reactions are called as “agglutinins”.
•  IgD is primarily found on B cell surfaces
•  Red blood cell surface antigens are glycoproteins
•  These antigens are protein in nature T-dependent antigens
•  Antigens are primarily composed of proteins
•  penicillin are haptens
•  Chemical coupling of a hapten to a large protein, called a carrier, yields an immunogenic hapten-carrier conjugate
•  Tertiary lymphoid tissues, which normally contain fewer lymphoid cells than secondary lymphoid organs, can import lymphoid cells during an inflammatory response. Most prominent of these are cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissues.

 Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

•  Less specific component of immune system innate immunity.
•  Immunity Is the study of state of protection from infectious disease.
•  Immune system is the Defense system that has evolve to protect animals from invading pathogenic microorganisms.
•  Example of infectious disease include the All(hepatitis, TB, COVID).
•  NON infectious disease cause such a fact as All.
•  Risk of contacting Type 2 diabetes can be decreased by maintaining a healthy lifestyle True.
•  Infectious disease are transmitted from person to person through the transfer of pathogen

such as All (bacteria, fungi, virus)

•  THE IMMUNE SYSTEM MALFUNCTION by losing it sense of self and non self which permits an immune attack upon the host is called autoimmunity.
•  Transplantation studied have major role in the development of immunodeficiency
•  AIDS THIS RESULTS FROM infection with the HIV.
•  An additional danger in transplantation is that any transplanted cells with immune function may view the new host as non self and react against it. This reaction, which is termed graft-versus-host disease,
•  Innate immune system is uniform in all members of a species,
•  Antibodies can distinguish between two protein molecules that differ in only a single amino acid.
•  The epidermis contains several layers of tightly packed epithelial cells.
•  Tissue damage caused by a wound or by an invading pathogenic microorganism induces a complex sequence of events collectively known as the inflammatory response.
•  The skin consists of two distinct layers: a thinner outer layer— thicker layer— the epidermis, dermis.
•  Bacillus anthracis are killed by the higher body temperature of birds (39°C).
•  Interferon found in blood and lymph kills viruses.
•  Skin provides first line of defense by preventing entry of microorganisms.
•  Mammals are susceptible but birds are resistant to anthrax.
•  TLR2 recognizes the lip polysaccharide (LPS) found on Gram-negative bacteria.
•  Fibrin is a protein which seals wounds and stops bleeding.
•  Mast cells- are granulocytes, that secrete heparin, histamine, other factors. They help in wound healing, angiogenesis, and elimination of parasites.
•  BASOPHILL histamine-rich granules and involve in inflammatory responses.
•  Neutrophills eliminate pathogens especially bacteria by phagocytosis.
•  Liver have speciall cells called kuffer cells
•  SOS signals stimulate endothelial cells near the site of the infection to express cell

adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1

•  NADPH oxidase components, which are involved in the generation of toxic oxygen products,
•  Toll-like receptors results in phagocytosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines
•  Bacteria with IgG antibody on their surface have the Fc region exposed
•  Scavenger receptors bind a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces resulting in phagocytosis of bacteria.

 The Alternative Pathway Is Antibody-Independent

•  Carbohydrate composition and its sialic acid content on the cell surface play an important role in the activation of the alternate pathway.
•  alternative pathway is initiated in most cases by cell-surface constituents that are foreign to the host
•  Tickover occurs spontaneously at a rate of ~1% of total C3 per hour
•  lectin pathway is activated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to mannose residues on glycoproteins or carbohydrates on the surface of microorganisms.
•  MBL is an acute phase protein produced in inflammatory responses.
•  MASP-1 and -2 proteins have structural similarity to C1r and C1s and mimic their activities
•  Lectins are proteins that recognize and bind to specific carbohydrate targets