BT302 Slides New Syllabus

BT302 (New Syllabus) · Immunology (PPTz) · • (Merged by Talha Waraich · Overview of the · Immune System as · the Body’s main · Defense · Mechanism · Immunity , Immune · System & Immune · Response

Immunity

Immune Response

Terminologies · Infectious vs · Non-Infectious · diseases · Infections

Contagious Transmissible Communicable Pathogens (Bacteria, Virus, Fungus & Parasites) e.g Hepatitis

Non-Infections

• Non-Communicable • Metabolic disorders • Genetic Factors e.g Diabetes Mellitus

Infections Vs Non-Infections · Importance of Immune · System · (Merged by

Defense against infections: AIDS

Responsive against tissue grafts & newly introduced proteins: Barrier for tissue transplantation & gene therapy Surveillance against cancers (Tumors)

Immune Products e.g Antibodies use in diagnostics & therapeutics

Difference · between Innate · & Adaptive · Two (02) types of · Immunity · Innate Immune system

Non-Specific First line of defense Readily available

Adaptive Immune System

• Specific • Second line of Defense • Needs to be activated

Difference B/W Innate & Adaptive Immune System

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Difference B/W Innate & Adaptive Immune System

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Difference B/W Innate & Adaptive Immune System · Innate Immune System · Adaptive Immune System

Response is antigen-independent Response is antigen-dependent

There is immediate maximal response There is a lag time between exposure and maximal response

Not antigen-specific Antigen-specific

Exposure results in no immunologic memory Exposure results in immunologic memory

Differences B/W Innate & Adaptive Immune System · Components of · System

Three (03) components or barriers of Immunity against infections Anatomical (Physical) barriers

barriers

Components of Innate Immune System · Physical barriers · of Innate · Anatomical Barriers · Mechanical Factors

Skin Epithelium membrane (Squamous) Desquamation (Flushing of microbes) Peristalsis/ Cilliary movement (GIT) Flushing actions of tears & saliva Trapping actions of mucus lining of respiratory & GIT

Physical Barriers of Innate Immune System · Anatomical Barriers · Chemical Factors

Fatty acids in skin Lysozymes & Phospholipases in tears, saliva, nasal secretions Defensins show antimicrobial peptides (GIT/Lungs) Low pH of sweat & GIT secretions Surfactants act as opsonins (Lungs)

Physical Barriers of Innate Immune System · Anatomical Barriers · Biological Factors

Normal flora of skin & GIT Prevents the colonization of bacteria By secreting toxins against foreign microbes Physical potential for utilization of nutrients by competing the pathogenic bacteria

Physical Barriers of Innate Immune System

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Physical Barriers of Innate Immune System · Anatomical Barriers · Secretory · molecules of · System

After breaching anatomical barriers, infectious agent penetrate the deep tissues Inflammation: tissue response

barriers mediate the inflammatory process Signs of inflammation: pain, heat, redness, swelling & loss of tissue functions

1)Complement System

Plasma proteins After activation, mediate the lysis of infectious agent

2)Coagulation System

Coagulation Factors Plasma Proteins Chemotactic agent Antimicrobial acitivity e.g β-Lysins

3) Lactoferrin & transferrin

Plasma proteins Ability to bind iron Deprive bacteria from iron

4) Interferons

Plasma proteins Inhibit viral replication in cells