BT505 Final Term Current Papers Spring 2021 by Qamar

BT 505 Current Updated Final Term Spring 2021

Q1. Write down the Features of Glassy Carbon. 5 Marks

Features of Glassy Carbon:

1. High-purity
2. Excellent Stability as high as at 3,000 °C in vacuum
3. Stable at 500 °C in the air
4. Inert against Chemical erosion
5. Impermeability to Gas and Solution
6. Significant Hardness / Strength
7. Favorable electric conducting property
8. Highly Resistant against Inorganic and Organic salts
9. Nonporous
10. Good Bio-Compatibility

Q2. What is the structure of functions of Vitamin B12? What happened to body when its deficiency occurs? 5 Marks

Vitamin B12

1. The structure of B12 is based on a corrin ring
2. The central metal ion is cobalt.
3. There are six coordination site.
4. Four coordination sites are provided by the corrin ring,
5. One coordination site is provided by a dimethyl-benzimidazole group.

Functions and Deficiency Vitamin B12 performs a key role in the synthesis of DNA, neurolipids, and cellular growth. It.’s deficiency causes.

1. Anemia
2. Confusion
3. Depression
4. Problems with balance
5. Poor memory
6. Soreness of the mouth or tongue
7. Tiredness

Q3. Write down the Types of Controller system? 2 Marks

1. Controller system on: Chip All the necessary components are integrated all on-chip.
2. Controller system off Chip: There is a main system to control the functioning of the chip.

Q4. Name of four bioactive molecules use in biosensing layers? 2 Marks

1. Hydrogen peroxidase enzyme
2. Fluorescent Dye
3. Biotin
4. Streptavidin

Q5. Nanoparticle delivery methods into single cells for bioanalysis? 3 Marks

1. Endocytosis (non-specific or receptor mediated);
2. Pico injection;
3. Liposomal delivery;
4. Membrane penetration peptide (TAT);

(e) Gene gun

Q6. What is Gravimetric analysis? What Gravimetric biosensor? 3 Marks

Gravimetric analysis is a class of lab techniques used to determine the

• Mass
• Concentration of a substance by measuring a change in mass.

1. Gravimetric (mass-sensitive) transduction principles use mechanical acoustic waves.
2. Waves are typically generated by means of piezoelectric materials.
3. Signal response changes mainly result from mass changes in the biorecognition layer.
4. Acuostic transduction is label free.
5. Types. Quartz Crystal Microbalance, surface acoustic wave (SAW) and cantilever biosensors.

Q7. How does Urea formaldehyde form? 5 marks

Urea formaldehyde (UF) resins are primarily made up of urea and formaldehyde with formaldehyde acting as the crosslinker. The UF resins are formed in water at a pH above 7. Two steps of reaction

1. Formation of the methylol derivatives
2. Condensation:

Q8. How trypsin enzyme activity stabilized? 5 Marks

Trypsin stabilization Trypsin enzyme activity was stabilized in the presence of Trehalose and was immobilized by using two different techniqies. Spray dried immobilization. Freeze dried Immobilization. In each case trehalose act as a stabilizer by forming hydrogen bond with the enzyme and the glass matrix that was used for immolization.

Q9. What is Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)? How can we measure the BOD in the industrial area? 5 marks

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is an important index for monitoring organic pollutants in water.

BIOX-1010

1. BIOX-1010 is an on-line analyzer for continuous BOD measurement in industrial and municipal waste-water treatment plants.
2. BOD data are generated with a lag time of only 3 to 15 minutes, with a measurement range of 20 to 1500mg/liter BOD.
3. Inside the bioreactor, microorganisms grow inside small plastic cylinders where they are protected against mechanical abrasion