CS435 Learning Materials

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Essential Characteristics according to NIST definition:

•  Resource pooling
•  Rapid elasticity
•  On-demand self-service
•  Broad network access
•  Measured service

Important Benefits of Cluster Computing:

•  High availability and fault tolerance
•  Use of commodity computers (Widely available/affordable)

Service Models according to NIST definition:

•  Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
•  Platform as a Service (PaaS)
•  Software as a Service (SaaS)

Cloud Deployment Models according to NIST definition:

•  Private cloud
•  Community cloud
•  Public cloud
•  Hybrid cloud

Servers are available in a variety of sizes and types:

•  Web server
•  Domain Name Server (DNS)
•  Database server

Two common types of switched networks are:

•  Packet-Switched Network
•  Circuit-Switched Network

TCP/IP Protocol Stack Layers:

•  Application
•  Transport
•  Network
•  Data-link
•  Physical

Main protocols of Transport Layer are:

•  Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
•  User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

IP Addressing

•  IPv4 is a 32 bit universally unique address while IPv6 is the 128 bit universally unique address. Total IPv4 addresses = 232 Total IPv6 addresses = 2128

Classification of IPv4 addresses:

Bits For · Network ID · Total Networks · Network ID · Starts With · First Byte · Class A

‘0’ binary 0 to 127

Class B

‘10’ binary 128 to 191

Class C

‘110’ binary 192 to 223

Class D

Used for multicasting and No prefix or Network ID 224 to 239

Class E

Reserved for future use 240 to 255

There are three categories of IPv6 addresses:

•  Unicast address A unique address that identifies only one device or network. It's like a personal phone number that only rings on your phone.
•  Multicast address A special address that sends data to multiple devices or networks at the same time. It's like a group phone number that rings on multiple phones at once.
•  Anycast address A single address that can be used by multiple devices or networks, but data is only sent to the closest one. It's like a shared phone number that automatically connects you to the nearest available phone.

Standard Ethernet types

•  Bridged
•  Switched
•  Full duplex switches

Wired LAN vs. Wireless LAN

Wired LAN

Wireless LAN

Medium: Wires Medium: Air Physical connection to network No physical connection to network Broadcasting and multicasting possible when required All devices are broadcasting

Hosts are connected through link layer switch No link layer switch exists Connection to other networks through router Connected to other networks through access point (a device that connects a wireless and wired network)

Advantages of Switch:

•  Connecting heterogeneous devices
•  Collision elimination

Types of routing

•  Unicast routing
•  Multicast routing
•  Connectionless routing
•  Connection oriented routing

Virtualization implementation levels:

•  Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) level
•  Hardware Abstraction level
•  Operating System Level
•  Library support level
•  Application level

Classes of VM architectures

•  Hypervisor Architecture
•  Full-virtualization Architecture
•  Para-virtualization Architecture