CS504 Midterm Current Solved Paper Fall 2021 Set 2 by Adil Alvi

1. Difference between coupling and cohesion.

The major difference between cohesion and coupling is that cohesion deals with the interconnection between the elements of the same module. But, coupling deals with the interdependence between software modules.

2. Enlist two points on software design

1 Overview · 2 Design concepts · 3 Design considerations · 4 Modeling language · 5 Design patterns · 6 Technique · 7 Usage

3. Enlist four risck software development phase

For most software development projects, we can define five main risk impact areas: i) New, unproven technologies. (ii) User and functional requirements. (iii) Application and system architecture. (iv) Performance. (v) Organizational.

Q4. Write three parameters of collaboration diagram?

(i) Objects (ii) Links (iii) Messages

5. Thumb rule

Who I Know - Rules of Thumb

•  an actor knows about its participants

Person knows about cashier

•  a transaction knows about its participants

A session knows about its register and cashier

•  A transaction contains its transaction line items

Sale contains its sales line items

6. Library diagram
7. Identify Class, Objects and Relationships

Alia has a fruit basket Objects: Alia, Fruit, Basket Classes: Person, Fruits, Baskets Relations: Alia ---- Fruits -------- Association Alia ---- Basket ------- Association Basket -- Fruits -------- Association – Container

8. System engineering are assigned the task of developing system models which process must be included in system methodology

Systems Engineers are responsible for assessing systems, determining problems, providing solutions to issues that arise, designing systems, upgrading systems, maintaining systems and brainstorming possible improvements that can be made to a system in the future.

9. State, behavior of an object

State of an object - The state or attributes are the built in characteristics or properties of an object. For example, a T.V has the size, colour, model etc. Behaviour of the object - The behavior or operations of an object are its predefined functions. For example, a T.V.

10. Types of functional requirements

Some of the more typical functional requirements include: Business Rules. Transaction corrections, adjustments and cancellations. Administrative functions. Authentication. Authorization levels. Audit Tracking. External Interfaces. Certification Requirements.

11. How collaboration diagram better than sequence diagram

Sequence diagrams are best to see the flow of time. On the other hand, static object connections are best represented by collaboration diagrams. Sequence of messages is more difficult to understand in collaboration diagrams than in the case of sequence diagrams. On the other hand, object organization with control flow is best seen through collaboration diagrams. It may be noted that complex control is difficult to express anyway but collaboration diagrams can become very complex very quickly

12. What are the post-condition? Student login and the schedule of lectures
13. Where to look. 2. What to look for 3. How to design and implement program 4. How to test program.
14. Software phases Enlist the names of phases

Planning Stage Feasibility or Requirements of Analysis Stage Design and Prototyping Stage Software Development Stage Software Testing Stage Implementation and Integration Operations and Maintenance Stage

14. Functional Requirements:

A Functional Requirement (FR) is a description of the service that the software must offer. It describes a software system or its component. ... It can be a calculation, data manipulation, business process, user interaction, or any other specific functionality which defines what function a system is likely to perform

15. Non-Functional Requirements:

In systems engineering and requirements engineering, a non-functional requirement (NFR) is a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviors. They are contrasted with functional requirements that define specific behavior or functions.

Q16. Aik or scenario tha us mai actors btany thy?

Select actors Actors are people and organizations that take part in the system under consideration. Examples of actors are: person, organization (agency, company, corporation, foundation).

17. Object-Oriented Analysis using Abbot’s Textual Analysis

Part of speech = proper noun, improper noun, doing verb, being verb, having verb, adjective, adjective phrase Model component = instance, class/type/role, operation, classification, composition, attribute value or class, association, operation Example = Mehdi Hassan, (student, teacher), buy, (is a horse, is a book), fan has wings, this ball is green, the customer with children, the customer who bought the kite

18. Technique for requirement data management

The data requirements analysis process employs a top-down approach that emphasizes businessdriven needs, so the analysis is conducted to ensure the identified requirements are relevant and feasible. The data requirements analysis process consists of these phases:

1. Identifying the business contexts
2. Conducting stakeholder interviews
3. Synthesizing expectations and requirements
4. Developing source-to-target mappings
5. In object-oriented programming, collaboration occurs among objects that mimic real-world objects inside an application.
6. Three Types of Collaboration

Creative – where two or more people create something to achieve a specific goal,