CS610 Highlighted Handouts Set 3 by VUBuddy

Table of contents

Motivation and Tools .................................................................................................... 9 Overview of Data Communication .............................................................................. 13 PACKETS, FRAMES AND ERROR DETECTION ...................................................... 14 PACKETS AND TDM: ..................................................................................................15 Figure 4.2 illustration of TDM ..................................................................................... 16 BYTE STUFFING ....................................................................................................... 17 SHIFT OPERATION................................................................................................... 22 GROWTH OF LAN TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................... 24 CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS (CSMA) ...................................................... 28 HARDWARE ADDRESSING ...................................................................................... 33 FRAME TYPE IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................... 35 INTERFACE HARDWARE ......................................................................................... 39 LAN WIRING AND PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY .............................................................. 43 FIBER MODEMS AND REPEATOERS ...................................................................... 48 BRIDGES ................................................................................................................... 51 SWITCHES AND WAN TECHNOLOGIES ................................................................. 54 ROUTING .................................................................................................................. 58 ROUTING ALGORITHMS .......................................................................................... 62 CONNECTION-ORIENTED NETWORKING AND ATM ............................................. 66 ATM: VIRTUAL CIRCUITS......................................................................................... 68 ATM AND NETWORK OWNERSHIP ......................................................................... 72 NETWORK SERVICE PARADIGM ............................................................................ 75 NETWORK PERFORMANCE .................................................................................... 79 INTERNETWORKING: CONCEPTS, ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS ............ 81 IP: INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESSES ................................................................ 85 INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS NOTATIONS..................................................... 87 IP SUBNETING .......................................................................................................... 90 ADDRESS REOLUTION PROTOCOL (ARP)............................................................. 93 ARP MESSAGE FORMAT ......................................................................................... 97 IP DATAGRAMS AND DATAGRAM FORWARDING ............................................... 101 IP ENCAPSULATION, FRAGMENTATION AND REASSEMBLY............................. 105 THE FUTURE IP (IPV6) ........................................................................................... 110 IPv6 AND AN ERROR REPORTING MECHANISM ................................................. 113 AN ERROR REPORTING MECHANISM (ICMP) ..................................................... 117 UDP: DATAGRAM TRANSPORT SERVICE ............................................................ 119 DATAGRAM FORMAT AND TCP: RELIABLE TRANSPORT SERVICE .................. 122 TCP: RELIABLE TRANSPORT SERVICE (Cont.) .................................................... 125 NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION (NAT) ........................................................ 128 NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION ................................................................... 131 IP ROUTING (Part-1) ............................................................................................... 133 IP ROUTING (Part-2) ............................................................................................... 135 IP ROUTING (Part-3) ............................................................................................... 137 IP ROUTING (Part-4) ............................................................................................... 139 IP ROUTING (Part-5) ............................................................................................... 142 IP ROUTING (Part-6) ............................................................................................... 144 COURSE REVISION................................................................................................ 147 are configured to pass traffic among any computers attached to any network in the set. The Internet is defined as the set of networks connected by routers that

NETWORK:

A network is defined as a system for connecting computers using a single transmission technology. The computers can communicate with each other in a network. They can send and receive data from each other when they are in a network.

INTERNET:

By internet many computers which are at longer distances from each other can communicate with each other.

1) BY SIZE:

1. Local Area Network. ( LAN)
2. Wide Area Network (WAN)

In WAN, network occupies larger areas like cities & countries. Internet is a Wide Area Network. latency, management, security, reliability, billing and their standards LAN & WAN are compared by the speed of transmission, bandwidth and

CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

Computer networks are classified by four factors which are as follow:

4. BY MOBILITY:
5. BY MEDIUM:
6. BY CONNECTIVITY:
7. BY SIZE:

According to their size there are two classifications of networks.

In LAN network occupies the smaller area like a room a floor or a building.