EDU101 Midterm Past Papers by Maha Malik

Q. Preoptional stage with example

Preoperational:

•  Lasts from 2 – 7 years
•  The child can speak and print words
•  His memory and imagination develops
•  His thinking is often not logical
•  Much egocentric thinking occurs
•  He learns that symbols represent something else;

Q. Examples of Acquisitions

Language: Rapid expansion of vocabulary and grammatical structures Extensive pretend play: Enactment of true-to-life or fanciful scenarios with plots and assigned roles (e.g., mommy, doctor, Superman) Intuitive thought: Some logical thinking based on "hunches" and "intuition" rather than on conscious awareness of logical principles (especially after age 4) Q. Give examples of positive and negative punishment in daily life?

Q. Albert Bandura theory?

Q. phenomenology with examples

Q. Perennialism

Teach ideas that are everlasting. Seek enduring realities which are constant, through great literature, art, philosophy, religion.

Q. Key Proponents

o Robert Hutchins o Jacque Maritain o Mortimer Adler o Allan Bloom

Q. Idealism

Ability to envision alternatives to current social and political practices (sometimes with little regard for what is realistically possible in a given time frame)

Q. Realism

Reality exists independent of the human mind. World of physical object is ultimate reality. They say that reality is something that exists. The ultimate reality is the physical objects so everything that you can see, touch and feel is real.

Focus: Body

Originator: Aristotle

Q. what is the role of teacher according to the Reconstructionism/ Existentialism

The teacher responds to the learner’s requests for knowledge, does not initiate learning in the students. Q. Role of teacher under Idealism and Perennialism

Q. Epistemology

Knowledge and knowing---- What is truth?

Truth and knowledge are changeless, revealed through guided reflection and in literature of the classics.

Q. Work of AI Ghazali in education

Produced more than 400 literary works in Theology (Study of Religion), Philosophy, Science and Sufism (a mystic tradition within Islam)

Q. Reward and punishments

Rewards and punishments are fundamental mechanisms used to influence behavior, serving as motivational tools across various settings, including education, workplaces, and parenting. Rewards, such as praise, bonuses, or privileges, aim to reinforce positive actions by providing desirable outcomes, thereby encouraging repetition of the behavior. Conversely, punishments, such as penalties, criticism, or restrictions, intend to discourage negative actions by introducing undesirable consequences, thus reducing the likelihood of the behavior recurring. Both approaches, when balanced and applied appropriately, can shape behavior effectively, promoting discipline, motivation, and the achievement of desired outcomes.

Q. Contribution to Ivan pavlov’s theory by James Watson

•  Watson took Pavlov’s findings to another level.
•  Emphasized that learning was observable or measureable, not cognitive
•  Believed the key to learning was in conditioning a child from an early age based on Pavlov’s methods.
•  Nurture vs nature
•  Watson’s theories strengthened the argument for the influence of experiences as opposed to genetics.

Q. Phenomenology

• Phenomenology examines pattern of subjective experience and consciousness
• Focus upon a systematic reflection on and investigation of the structures of consciousness: Realist concepts can be examined scientifically.
• Based solely on consciousness
• Individuals will be influenced by others, but not same experience
• Views social world as multiform structure