EDU101 Midterm Points

Islamic Perspective:

“A continuous process that nurtures the natural potentials of human beings from the intellectual, behavioural, spiritual and physical aspects in an integrated and balanced manner so as to produce righteous human beings who will bring goodness to this world and hereafter.”

Islamic Philosophy-2:

1. Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406)

Major contribution was in the History of Philosophy and Sociology. Wrote about the History of the world.

His great works:

•  Universal History
•  Summary of the result (religion)

2. Al-Frabi (870-950 AD)

Major contribution was in philosophy, Logic and Sociology

His great works:

•  Kitab al-ihsa al ulum: explains the classification and principles of basic science.
•  Kitab al-Musiqa: a book on music

There are four areas of philosophical inquiry:

Metaphysics: concerned with questions about the nature of reality. In other words, metaphysics deals with the real. What is real? Everything that we see, touch, feel, hear, taste is all real. Everything in this universe is real. So, according to metaphysics, if everything was real then man should be involved in finding out about everything and that basically is education.

Axiology: concerned with the nature of values (The moral learning). We want our children to develop their mind, body, spiritually but we also want them to develop morally.

Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.

Comprehensive education means a complete picture. Allah’s word is the Quran, Hadith, Fiqa, Teachings of the Prophet (S.A.W) are all Allah’s word and direct studies.

Ayyamilla which is history and culture, tradition, geography will then leads to other Social Sciences.

Allah’s world which is supporting studies. God created the world and he created it in 7 days.

Allah’s World is science and technology. Allah’s world is made up of matter and energy, and that is what science teaches wether its plant life, animal life, materials, energy etc . all that is

God’s kingdom includes laws and economics. These are given to us that how we do business, trading or banking. So you can see that education in Islamic perspective is very integrated and all this together will be you language arts. Because without language you won’t be able to do any of this.

The Meaning of Philosophical Inquiry

“Whenever people choose to embrace, if their choices are made in a logical, rational manner, they are engaged in the process of doing philosophy”.

Four specific areas of philosophical inquiry:

Metaphysics concerned with questions about the nature of reality.

Axiology concerned with the nature of values. Logic concerned with the nature of thinking and reasoning. Eric Berne’s three important questions:

 Who am I?

 Why am I here?

 Who are all these other people and what do they want of me?

Idealism

Ideas are the only true reality, the only thing worth knowing. Ideas are generated in the hand and these need to be translated as these are only thoughts. So, as people develop ideas, old ideas lead to newer ideas, lots of ideas and information is created and that brings us to know how many of these new ideas do we need.

Focus: Mind

•  Plato
•  Socrates

“Perennialism” Related Educational Philosophy to Idealism

Perennialism

Focus: Teach ideas that are everlasting. Seek enduring realities which are constant, through great literature, art, philosophy, religion.

Robert Hutchins Jacque Maritain Mortimer Adler Allan Bloom

Topic: 26 - Realism

Reality exists independent of the human mind. World of physical object is ultimate reality. They say that reality is something that exists. The ultimate reality is the physical objects so everything that you can see, touch and feel is real.

Focus: Body

Originator: Aristotle

Essentialism

Related Educational Philosophy to Realism

Focus: Teach the common core, “the basics” of information and skills (cultural heritage) neede for citizenship. (Curriculum can change slowly)

•  William Bagley
•  Arthur Bestor
•  E.D. Hirsch
•  Chester Finn
•  Diane Ravitch
•  Theodore Sizer

Topic: 32 - Pragmatism

Universe is dynamic and evolving. Purpose of thought is action. Truth is relative. The key term here is evolving which means that when you evolve you change. So, when you change, nothing can be permanent. Things change, nothing is permanent is the pragmatism approach.

Focus: Experience

•  Pierce
•  Dewey

Progressivism

Related Educational Philosophy to Pragmatism

Focus: ideas should be tested by active experimentation. Learning rooted in questions of learners in interaction with others. Experience3 and student centered.

•  John Dewey
•  William Kilpatrick

Reconstructionism Critical pedagogy: Analysis of world events, controversial issues and diversity to provide vision for better world and social change.

Focus: Freedom

•  George Counts
•  J. Habermas
•  Ivan Illich
•  Henry Giroux

Related Educational Philosophy to Reconstructionism: · Existentialism: · Focus: