EDU302 Handouts

Human Development and Learning (EDU 302)

Table of Contents

Theories of Human Development Theories of Human Development (Learning Theory + Social Learning Theory) Theories of Human Development (Socio-cultural View of Development+Humanistic Approach) Theories of Human Development (Kohlberg & Gilligan's Theory) Developmental Characteristics 4.1 & 4.2 Developmental Characteristics 4.3 & 4.4 Developmental Characteristics 4.5 Transfer of Learning and Instruction Facilitating Complex Thinking (6.1 & 6.2) Facilitating Complex Thinking (6.3 & 6.4) Individual Differences Individual Differences (Part 2)

Lecture 01

After going through this unit you will be able to:

1. Identify and differentiate the meaning of Growth and Development.
2. Explain the relationship between Growth and Development.
3. Describe the Principles of Development
4. Discuss about the Developmental Periods

Introduction

i. This unit deals with general nature of growth and development. An understanding of growth and development will helps us to plan educational growth and development of the child. ii. Human life starts from a single cell. This cell is under constant interaction with the environment in the mother’s womb and after birth with the outside world. This interaction leads to the Growth and Development of the child. iii. The primary purpose of studying the growth and development of children is to understand them better. iv. An orderly pattern is found in the growth of every organ of the body and area of

Definition of Human Development and Growth

GROWTH

The term growth denotes a net increase in the size, or mass of the tissue. It is largely attributed to multiplication of cells and increase in the intracellular substance.

ACCORDING TO HURLOCK

GROWTH is change in size, in proportion, disappearance of old features and acquisition of new ones

According to Crow and Crow (1962)

Growth refers to structural and physiological changes

Development specify maturation of functions. It is related to the maturation and myelination of the nervous system and indicates acquisition of a variety of skills for optimal functioning of the individual

According to Hurlock (1959)

Development means a progressive series of changes that occur in an orderly predictable pattern as a result of maturation and experience.

 According to J.E. Anderson(1950)

Development is concerned with growth as well as those changes in behavior which results from environmental situations.

 According to Liebert, Poulos and Marmor (1979)

Development refers to a process of change in growth and capability over time, as function of both maturation and interaction with the environment

Difference between growth and development

Growth:

The term is used in purely physical sense. It generally refers to increase in size, length. Changes in the quantitative aspects come into the domain of Growth. It is a part of developmental process. Development in its quantitative aspect is termed as growth. Growth does not continue throughout life. It stops when maturity has been attained. Growth involves body changes. The changes produced by growth are the subject of measurement. They may be quantified. Growth is cellular . It takes place due to the multiplication of cells. Growth may or may not bring development.

Development implies overall change in shape, form or structure resulting in improved working or functioning. Changes in the quality or character rather than the quantitative aspects comes in this domain. It is a comprehensive and wider term and refers to overall changes in the individual. Development is a wider and comprehensive term and refers to overall changes in the individual. It continues throughout life and is progressive. Development involves changes of an orderly, coherent type tending towards the goal of maturity. Development implies improvement in functioning and behavior and hence bring qualitative changes which are difficult to be measured directly. Development is organizational. It is organization of all the parts which growth and differentiation have produced. Development is also possible without growth.

RELATIONSHIP OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

The term growth is used in purely physical sense. It generally refers to an increase in size, length, height and weight. Changes in the quantitative aspects come into the domain of growth. Development implies overall changes in shape, form or structure resulting in improved working or functioning. It indicates the changes in the quality or character rather than in quantitative aspects. Growth is one of the parts of developmental process. In a strict sense, development in its quantitative aspect is termed as growth. Development is a wider and comprehensive term. It refers to overall changes in the individual. Growth describes the changes which take place in particular aspects of the body and behaviour of an organism. Development describes the changes in the organism as a whole and does not list the changes in parts. Growth does not continue throughout life. It stops when maturity has been attained. Development is a continuous process. It goes from womb to tomb. It does not end with the attainment of maturity, the changes however small they may be, continue throughout the life span of an individual. The changes produced by growth are the subject of measurement. They may be quantified. Development implies improvement in functioning and behaviour and hence brings qualitative changes which are difficult to be measured directly.