EDU430 Final Term Short Notes by Malik

ICT in Education · EDU430 · Final Term · Short Notes by M l!k Hafeez · (MSc Mathematics, MA Pol. Science ) · Topic # 111 · Binary Number System

It is a counting system used in computers consisting of only 1's and 0's (zeros).

BinHex

This is a file conversion format that converts binary files to ASCII test files.

Topic # 112

BIOS

This is abbreviation of Basic Input Output System. Part of the computer's operating system that is built into the machine, rather than read from a disk drive at startup.

Bit

It is a unit of measurement that represents one figure or character of data. A bit is the smallest unit of storage in a computer. Since computers actually read 0s and 1s, each is measured as a bit. The letter A consists of 8 bits which amounts to one byte. Bits are often used to measure the capability of a microprocessor to process data, such as 16-bit or 32-bit.

Topic # 113

Bit Depth

This is regarded as the number of bits used to represent each pixel in an image, determining its color or tonal range.

Bit-map

It is generally used to describe an illustration or font file as being created by a predefined number of pixels. Also see Object-oriented.

Topic # 114

BITNET

This is regarded as an academic computer network that provides interactive electronic mail and file transfer services, using a store-and-forward protocol, based on IBM Network Job Entry protocols. BITNET-II encapsulates the BITNET protocol within IP packets and depends on the Internet to route them. There are three main constituents of the network: BITNET in the United States and Mexico, NETNORTH in Canada, and EARN in Europe. There are also Asia Net, in Japan, and connections in South America. See CREN.

Black Point

It is a movable reference point that defines the darkest area in an image, causing all other areas to be adjusted accordingly

Topic # 115

Booting

This is defined as starting up a computer via the power switch, which loads the system software into memory. Restarting the computer via a keystroke combination is called rebooting or a warm boot.

Bridge

It is a dedicated computer used to connect two different networks. It uses data link layer address (i.e., Ethernet physical addresses) to determine if packets should be passed between the networks.

Best practices in implementing education management information systems (EMIS)

Forty World Bank education projects over the last four years have had EMIS components, but little is known about best practices and lessons learned from such investments. Case studies on EMIS planning and deployment, as well as best practices and lessons learned, would be useful planning tools for donor staff and educational policymakers.

Topic # 116

Broadband System

It is a broadband system is capable of transmitting many different signals at the same time without interfering with one another. For local area networks, a broadband system is one that handles multiple channels of local area network signals distributed over Cable Television (CATV) hardware.

Broadcast

This is a packet whose special address results in its being heard by all hosts on a computer network.

Topic # 117

Browser

This is a program that enables you to access information on the Internet through the World Wide Web.

Bps

It may be defined as, Bits Per Second is the unit used for measuring line speed, the number of information units transmitted per second.

Topic # 118

BSD

This is abbreviation of Berkeley Software Distribution. Implementation of the UNIX operating system and its utilities developed and distributed by the University of California at Berkeley. BSD is usually preceded by the version number of the distribution, e.g., 4.3 BSD is version 4.3 of the Berkeley UNIX distribution. Many Internet hosts run BSD software, and it is the ancestor of many commercial UNIX implementations.

Bug

It is a mistake, or unexpected occurrence, in a piece of software or in a piece of hardware.

Topic # 119

Byte

This is regarded as the amount of memory needed to store one character such as a letter or a number. It is equal to 8 bits of digital information. It is the standard measurement unit of a file size.

Cache

This is an area of RAM reserved for data recently read from disk, which allows the processor to quickly retrieve it if it's needed again.

Topic # 120

Caching

It is a process in which frequently accessed data is kept on hand, rather than constantly being from the place where it is stored.

Case-dependent

This is a software differentiation between upper and lower case characters. It is also referred to as case sensitive.

Educational content for dissemination through ICTs

Although it is widely believed to be important, little research has been done about the need for