EDU505 Official Handouts

Educational Development in Pakistan (EDU505)

Table of Contents

Lesson No. Lesson Title (font size 11; font style Garamond) Pg. No. Lesson No 01 Defining Education Topic (1-6) Lesson No 02 Aims of Education Topic (7-12) Lesson No 03 Different Aims of Education Topic (13-24) Lesson No 04 Functions of Education Topic (25-30) Lesson No 05 The Education Process Topic (31-38) Lesson No 06 Education Under Colonial Rule Topic (39-44) Lesson No 07 Education and Cultural Change Topic (45-56) Lesson No 08 Education and National Building 1Topic (57-62) Lesson No 09 Education and National Building 2 Topic (63-68) Lesson No 10 Education and Development Topic (69-74) Lesson No 11 History of Education in Pakistan Topic (75-80) Lesson No 12 History of Reform Policies Topics (81-86) Lesson No 13 Quality of Education Topics (87-95) Lesson No 14 Quality of Education Topics (96-100) Lesson No 15 Quality of Education Topics (101-105) Lesson No 16 Quality of Education Topics (106-112) Lesson No 17 Challenges of Education in Punjab Topics (113-118) Lesson No 18 State of Education Topics (119-124) Lesson No 19 Limited Resources Topics (125-131) Lesson No 20 Punjab Schools Reform Roadmap Topic (132-137) Lesson No 21 Demand and Supply Factors Topic (138-143) Lesson No 22 Past Initiatives Topic (144149) Lesson No 23 Socio-Economic Conditions in Sindh Topic (150155) Lesson No 24 Elementary Education Topics 156 to 162 Lesson No 25 Teacher Education and Development Topic (1631680 Lesson No 26 Policy Framework and Priorities Topic (169175) Lesson No 27 Governance and Accountability Topic (176181) Lesson No 28 Educational Outcomes Topics (182188) Lesson No 29 Challenges of Education in Baluchistan Topics (189 to 194)

Lesson No 30 Structure of Education System (Organization of Education in Baluchistan) Topics (195 to 200) Lesson No 31 Quality and Relevance in Education Topics (201-209) Lesson No 32 Access and Equity Topic (210-215) Lesson No 33 Higher Education Topic (216-221) Lesson No 34 Governance and Management Topic (222-227) Lesson No 35 Challenges of Education in KPK Topic (228-233) Lesson No 36 Organizational Setup Topic (234-239) Lesson No 37 Enhancement of Enrolment Topic 2940-245) Lesson No 38 Improving Quality Topic (244-252) Lesson No 39 Higher Education Department Topic (253-261) Lesson No 40 Impact of 18th Amendment Topic (262-267) Lesson No 41 Education and Modernization Topic (268-273) Lesson No 42 Education and Dependency Theory Topic (274-279) Lesson No 43 Human Capital Approach Topic (280-285) Lesson No 44 Education and Functionalism Topic (286-291)

Lesson No.01 · DEFINING EDUCATION · TOPIC (1-6) · Topic 1 · Defining Education · Origin

The term “Education” has been derived from two Latin words: ‘Educare’ (Educere) and ‘Educatum’.

Educare (Educere)

 to train or mould - indicates the development of the latent faculties of the

child. (moulding is a directional act – is objective oriented)

(latent: hidden, concealed, undeveloped)  ‘Educare’ basically means to bring up, to lead out, to draw out, or propulsion

from inward to outward.

Educatum

 denotes the act of teaching

 throws light on the principles and practices of teaching

The Education Process

•  A combination of ‘Educatum’ and ‘Educere’ is what is known as “Education”
•  It is the process of the educator helping the child explore and develop his or her latent

faculties.

•  According to Oxford dictionary: The process of receiving or giving systematic

instruction, especially at a school or university

Topic 2

(Western Perspective)

•  Plato: Education develops in the body and soul of the pupil all the beauty and all the

perfection he is capable of.

 Aristotle

Education is the creation of sound mind in a sound body. It develops man’s

faculty specially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the contemplation of supreme truth,

goodness and beauty.

 Rousseau

Education is a child’s development from within.

 Froebel

Education is enfoldment of what is already enfolded in the germ. It is the

process through which the child makes the internal-external.

 Pestalozzi

Education is the harmonious and progressive development of all the innate

powers and faculties of man-physical, intellectual and moral.

It is evident in these definitions that for these Western philosophers, education is mostly about developing one’s mental faculties.

Topic 3

(Eastern Perspective)

Education is a contextual process, in which context and environment are very important factors.

Therefore, let us view some of the definitions of education from various eastern philosophers and

educationists in order to give a general idea of what it implies in the subcontinent.

•  Swami Vivekananda Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man.

Like fire in a piece of flint, knowledge exists in the mind. Suggestion is the friction;

which brings it out.

•  Mahatma Gandhi by education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in

child and man’s body, mind and spirit.

•  Rabindranath Tagore the highest education is that which does not merely give us

information but makes our life in harmony with all existence.

 Rigveda

Education is something which makes a man self-reliant and

selfless.

 Upanishada

Education is that whose end product is salvation.