EDU601 Final Term Solved Papers 2021

EDU601 Philosophy of Education

CURRENT SOLVED PAPERS FINAL TERM 2021

Q1. What are democratic schools? (2 marks)

• Democratic schools are generally based upon a notion of genuine participatory democracy, practiced everywhere throughout society, with all ages of people.
• According to the proponents of democratic education, young people ought to have the power (and responsibility) in the schools where they spend so much of their lives.

Q2. Jasper Criticism of Concept of University (2 marks)

• Critics have objected to Jaspers conception of a university to be too aristocratic.
• Jaspers only allows the very best to become a part of the university.
• University becomes a domain of special privilege which is very antidemocratic.

Q3. How Montessori start teaching counting (3 marks)

Observed that typical children very easily learn numeration which consists of counting objects. Focused on materials for the introduction of counting. Observed the many opportunities in daily life when children could count objects in their immediate environment.

Q4. Explain logic in classical education? (5 marks)

6th – 8th Grades

Also known as the dialectic stage. This stage typically lasts from 6th to 8th grades. By fifth grade, a child’s mind begins to think more analytically. Middle-school students are less interested in finding out facts than in asking ‘Why?’ Brings the grammar of disciplines into ordered relationships. During this time, children’s capacity for abstract thought expands rapidly. Children become attracted to argumentation and abstract ideas. They are taught how to analyze, reason, question, evaluate and critique. Logic, the art of arguing correctly, is taught as a core subject. The introduction of formal logic shifts the focus from mere facts to understanding relationships. Students learn to reason as they identify critical assumptions, logical fallacies and inconsistencies. It is a time when the child begins to pay attention to cause and effect, to the relationships between different fields of knowledge relate, to the way facts fit together into a logical framework.

Q5. How does Maria Montessori defend herself against critics?

Montessori never claimed to have produced a theory. She acted on what children revealed to her through observation.

6. Ontological Constraints

These constraints come in when defining particular objects and their categorization. Young children do not put objects in categories of tangible, intangible, living, non-living, feeling or non-feeling etc. until they are taught to do so.

Q7. Write a note on the idea of university by Karl Jasper? (5 marks)

Most of Jaspers educational philosophy focused on University education rather than school.

Function:

The university is meant to function as an intellectual conscience of an era. It is a meeting place of different disciplines and world outlooks.

Research:

Research is a major function of Jasper’s university. Discovery & research is an indivisible whole. Scholarship depends on a relation to the whole.

Science & Scholarship:

Science & scholarship are meaningful only when they are part of a comprehensive intellectual life that is the very life blood of university.

Objectives of University:

Research

Education

Instruction

Communication:

To reach the stated objectives, scholars must communicate with each other and with students, who in turn must communicate with each other

Q8. According Gardner mind of unschooled person? (2 marks)

Gardner believes that in nearly every older student who has gone through the rigorous schooling experience, there is a five-year-old ‘unschooled’ mind struggling to get out and express itself.

9. Maria Montessori First experiment was “Casa Die Bambini”

This school was established in 1907 in Rome. Work with atypical children as a guide for work with typical children.

Q10. Why Maria Montessori emphasis home environment?

Home Environment

No set homework was given so child could be left to parent’s discretion at home. Parents were asked to complement the Montessori classroom at home by implementing its principles. Parents were discouraged from practicing prizes and punishments activity. Montessori helped parents understand the sensitive periods of the child. Montessori emphasized on a harmonious relationship between the family, child and the teacher.

11.

Nature of knowledge by Jaspers.

Reliable Knowledge:

Jaspers was particularly conscious of the theoretical difficulties of securing reliable knowledge.

Objectivity:

Even if a particular kind of knowledge is universally valid, it is not absolutely objective. Knowledge is the product of a particular method chosen by the investigator.

Universal Validity:

Since knowledge cannot be completely objective, it cannot be universally valid; hence Jaspers definition of universal validity relies upon universal consensus.

Scientific & Philosophical Knowledge:

Jaspers analyzed the relationship between science and philosophy, as he believed both to be an integral part of education.

Methodical Knowledge:

Scientific knowledge is methodical knowledge, i.e. we know by what means it was arrived at and in what sense and within what limits it holds good.

Certain Knowledge:

Scientific knowledge is absolutely certain, i.e. it stands the test of any reasoning; it must be distinguished from the convictions by which man may live and be prepared to risk his life.

General Validity:

Scientific knowledge has general validity, i.e. it is recognized without limitation by everyone who understands it; it stands in contrast to any other form of knowledge in which man may place unlimited faith.

Q12. Teacher's role in perennialism (3 marks)

Perennialist classrooms are teacher centered in order to develop the students intellectual & moral qualities through dissemination of Western traditions. The teachers are not concerned about the students' interests or experiences. They use tried and tested teaching methods and techniques that are believed to be most beneficial in disciplining students' mind. Teacher is considered a master of taught subjects, and guides the discussion or the learning process.

Q13. Why democracy education is important (3 marks)

Today, the developed world at large believes in democracy as the preferred form of government. It makes sense for the preference of a democratic education which would produce men and women who are trained from a young age to be responsible and accountable citizens of a democracy.

14. What are three form of democracy. Institutional Republicanism Popular Democracy Deep Democracy

Q15. Write three characteristics of skilled leaner?

Disciplinary Expert An individual of any age who has mastered the concepts and skills of a discipline or domain and can apply such knowledge appropriately in new situations. Included in the ranks of the disciplinary experts are those students who are able to use the knowledge of their physics class or their history class to illuminate new phenomena. Their knowledge is not limited to the usual text-andtest setting, and they are eligible to enter the ranks of those who “really” understand.

16. Intelligence theory by Howard Gardner.