ENG301 Glossary

 Abbreviations:

In business letters and reports, abbreviations are appropriate for titles, descriptors, and professional degrees. For example: Mr., Mrs., St .( Saint), B.B.A, Ph.D.

 Abstracting:

Selecting some details and omitting others is a process called abstracting.

 Acknowledgment responses:

Nods, smiles, frowns, and words that let a speaker know you are listening.

 Active verb:

A verb that describes the action of the grammatical subject of the sentence.

 Bibliography:

Bibliography is a list of sources that a person cited as documentation for relevant content in his report .Bibliographic information is usually included at the end of the document. It is for additional reading, additional sources to which the reader may wish to turn.

 Clarity

Clarity: A statement is said to have clarity if it is precise and have concrete words. it must contain high sense of appropriateness for the reader. For example: Unclear: His report was about managers, broken down by age and gender. Clear: His report focused on age and gender of managers.

 Connotation

It is an implication of a word or a suggestion separate from the usual definition. These meanings also include qualitative judgments and personal reactions.

 Consideration:

Consideration means preparing every message with the message receiver in mind; try to put yourself in their place. It is also called “you-attitude”, empathy, the human touch, and understanding of human nature..

ENG301 · Glossary ·  Copula

Copula is a word or set of words that serves as a link between the subject and predicate of a proposition. A verb, such as a form of be or seem, that identifies the predicate of a sentence with the subject. They are also called linking verbs.

 Copy notation:

When persons other than the addressee will receive a copy of the message, it is noted by writing, C,PC, Copy, or CC, followed by the names of these persons just below the reference initials or the enclosure notation.

 Denotation:

It is usually the dictionary definition of a word. Denotative meaning inform the receiver without indicating positive or negative qualities.

 Editing:

Editing means revising the message that is still in rough draft. It not involves correcting spelling, grammar, punctuation and similar errors. Editing requires looking at a written message critically to see if revising the content will improve it

•  Effective Communication.

It is that communication in which the message is transferred by such efficiency that it produced desired result as expected by the sender.

 Ellipsis:

The ellipsis mark ( . … ) is used to alert the reader that something has been removed from the quoted material , that the speaker has hesitated, or there is more material than is cited. For example: There are many good sports , such as football swimming, jogging,….. that help your cardiovascular system.

 Emblem:

Behavior that has a direct verbal counterpart such as the thumb upward for hitchhiking ; the arm wave for hello and goodbye

 Empathic Listening

It is also called active listening. The goal of this listening is to understand the speaker's feelings, needs, and wants so that you can appreciate his or her point of view, regardless of whether you share that perspective.

 Enclosure Notation:

An enclosure or attachment notation is included to remind the reader to check for additional pages of information.

 Encoder:

When you send a message, you are the "encoder" the writer or speaker, depending on whether your message is written or oral. You try to chose symbols-usually words and sometime also graphics or pictures -that express your message so that the receiver (s) will understand it and react with the response you desire.

 Encryption

The reversible transformation of data from the original to a difficult-to-interpret format as a mechanism for protecting its confidentiality, integrity and sometimes its authenticity.

 Euphemism

The substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression to replace one that might offend or suggest something unpleasant. It is used to avoid miscommunication because the sender has not considered the receiver's probable interpretations and reactions.

 Executive summary:

Executive summary is often the most read piece----occasionally torn out----of a report. Busy managers ,and even those tangentially interested ,can determine whether they wish to read the entire report simply by reading the executive summary.

 Feedback:

In the process of communication ,when the receiver receives the message ,he reacts with either the desired response based on a clear understanding of the symbols or with an undesired response because of miscommunication, which is called feedback .It can be an oral or a written message, an action or simply silence.

•  Filtering.

Filtering is screening out or abbreviating information before passing the message on to someone else.

 Fraudulent Misrepresentation:

A fraudulent representation( or fraud) occurs when the communicator knows the representation is not true and the person to whom it was made relies on it to his or her disadvantage.

 Full-Block:

It is the format which is considered to be the most modern. All essential parts in this form are started from the lefthand margin. Open punctuation should be used in this form.

 Glossary

It is the list of words, which includes many interpretation of a term and definitions which will be useful to readers who wish to check on some meanings. it is usually given at the end of a report or book.