ENG505 Midterm Short Handouts File 3 by Sir Zahid

ENG505 SHORT HANDOUTS · MIDTERM · Lesson 11 to 15 · (ENG505) Language Learning Theories · EFFORT BY VUHELPERS24 TEAM · REGARDS : SIR ZAHID: · Click 👉 (JOIN NOW) · Lesson-11 · CONSTRUCTIVISM-II · Topic-043: Piaget’s Cognitive Constructivism

Who is associated with the theory of constructivism in the context of cognitive development?

Jean Piaget.

According to Piaget, how is new understanding influenced in cognitive constructivism?

New understanding is influenced by existing knowledge of a particular experience.

What are the key elements in Piaget’s theory that lead to disequilibrium?

According to Piaget, what is the essence of intelligence?

Reasoning and logic.

Topic-044: Piaget’s Key Concepts of Adaptation and Disequilibration

What is the foundation of the acquisition of cognitive content, according to Piaget?

Stages of intellectual development.

What is the concept proposed by Piaget based on adaptation to maintain equilibrium?

Equilibrium achieved by balancing assimilation and accommodation. Name the four key elements proposed by Piaget that lead to disequilibrium.

Topic-045: Bruner’s Scaffolding and Discovery Learning

Who proposed the Theory of Scaffolding in 1976?

Jerome S. Bruner.

According to Bruner, what is the goal of education?

Learning to learn.

What are the three stages of ‘Representation’ in Bruner’s Discovery Learning Theory?

Enactive, Iconic, Symbolic representation.

Topic-046: Bruner on Teaching Influencing Learning

What did Jerome Bruner emphasize in the field of education?

Involving learners in cognitive and constructive processes for meaningful learning.

According to Bruner, what should a learner be encouraged to do?

" Learn to make a leap" and explore possibilities. Name some of Bruner’s contributions in the field of education. Modes of representation, Importance of teaching and learning optimal structure, Spiral curriculum, Learning through acts of discovery.

Lesson-12 · CONSTRUCTIVISM-III · Topic-048: Understanding Self-Efficacy

What is Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory about?

It integrates behaviors, cognitions, and the environment for interaction. Define self-efficacy according to Albert Bandura.

Answer: Self-efficacy refers to beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and execute actions required to manage situations.

What are the three scales proposed by Bandura to measure self-efficacy?

Answer: Self-efficacy magnitude Self-efficacy strength Generality of self-efficacy

How does high self-efficacy affect learners, according to Bandura?

Answer: It motivates learners to undertake specific tasks.

What role do parents, peers, and the environment play in influencing self- efficacy?

Answer: They can play a positive role in enhancing high self-efficacy.

Topic-049: David Ausubel’s Subsumption Theory

Who proposed the Subsumption Theory?

Answer: David Ausubel, an American Psychologist.

What is the subsumption process in learning, as per Ausubel's theory?

Answer: New information is related to existing knowledge in cognition. List the four key principles of Subsumption Theory.

Answer: Present most general concepts first. Include new and previously acquired information. Do not develop existing cognitive structures, but reorganize them. The instructor bridges the gap between known and to-be-learned concepts.

Topic-050: Metacognition and Script Theory

According to John Flavellan, what does metacognition consist of?

Metacognition consists of metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experiences or regulation. Explain metacognition in terms of higher-order thinking processes. It involves higher-order thinking processes such as learning task thinking, monitoring comprehension, and evaluating task completion progress.

Who introduced The Script Theory, and what does it propose?

Roger Schank and Robert P. Abelson introduced The Script Theory, which states that events are understood in terms of scripts, plans, knowledge structures, and relevant previous experiences.