ENG508 Final Term Past Papers Set 4

ENG508

ABSTRACT This comprehensive collection of notes is accurately crafted to empower students to excel academically, ensuring they achieve a minimum of 80% marks in their examinations. The content is organized with clarity and precision, focusing on key concepts, critical analyses, and practical applications tailored to the syllabus. These notes serve as a reliable resource for both thorough preparation and last-minute revision. Designed to inspire confidence and mastery, this guide is an essential tool for students striving for academic excellence.

Maha Malik Semantics and Pragmatics

1. Define Ambiguity

Ambiguity occurs when a word or sentence has more than one interpretation.

2. Structural vs Lexical Ambiguity

Structural: ambiguity due to sentence structure Lexical: ambiguity due to multiple word meanings

3. Conceptual vs Procedural Meaning

Conceptual: gives core meaning Procedural: guides interpretation in discourse

4. Difficulties in Word-to-Word Translation

Lack of exact equivalents, cultural differences, and idiomatic expressions.

5. Intertextual Model

Texts gain meaning through connections with other texts and prior knowledge.

6. Use of Machine Language in Linguistics

Helps in text analysis, translation, speech recognition, and AI.

7. Anglo-Saxon Aim in Writing

Focuses on clarity, directness, and practicality.

8. Expressive Speech Acts

Express speaker’s feelings (e.g., thanking, apologizing).

9. Declarations

Speech acts that change institutional reality (e.g., declaring marriage).

10. Training of ELT Outside Classroom

Focuses on workplace skills, interviews, pragmatics, and real-life communication.

11. Action Theory

Communication is a joint activity based on shared background knowledge.

12. Transcription of Conversation

Uses orthographic transcription showing pauses, fillers, overlaps.

13. Presupposition

Background assumptions a speaker assumes before speaking.

14. Entailment

Logical meaning that necessarily follows from a sentence.

15. Role of Computer in Linguistics

Supports CALL, corpus linguistics, dictionary making, AI, and speech recognition.