ENG508 Midterm Short Handouts File 2 by Sir Zahid

ENG508 SHORT HANDOUTS · MIDTERM · Lesson 06 to 10 · (ENG508) Semantics and Pragmatics · EFFORT BY VUHELPERS24 TEAM · REGARDS : SIR ZAHID: · VU-All-(Bs English Group) · Click · (JOIN NOW) · Lesson 06 · MEANING, THOUGHT AND REALITY · Topic 28: Sense and Concepts

What is the role of sense in language and thought?

Sense is a mental representation that links words and the real world.

How does sense relate to the concept of resemblance?

The relationship between sense and the real world is one of resemblance.

How can the word "triangle" have different senses for different speakers?

Different speakers may have various mental images of triangles based on their experiences.

What modification is made to the image theory regarding the sense of some words?

It's hypothesized that the sense of some words is not visual but more abstract.

What is the role of sense in language and thought?

Sense plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between language and thought. It represents a level of mental representation that links words to the real world. In other words, it allows us to understand and conceptualize the meaning of words by associating them with mental images or representations. This connection between words and mental representations is fundamental in understanding how we convey and comprehend meaning through language.

Topic 29: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

What is the traditional approach for describing concepts?

Necessary and sufficient conditions are used to describe concepts.

What are necessary conditions in the context of concepts?

Necessary conditions are attributes that something must have to be considered an example of a concept.

What are sufficient conditions in the context of concepts?

Sufficient conditions are the right set of conditions that define a concept fully.

Topic 30: Prototypes

How is the model of concepts as prototypes structured?

Concepts are structured with central, typical members and less typical or peripheral members.

How do experiments support prototype theory?

Speakers tend to agree more readily on typical members, which come to mind more quickly.

What is the essence of the prototypical conception of categories?

The prototypical conception emphasizes typical members and the gradient nature of categories.

How is the model of concepts as prototypes structured?

The model of concepts as prototypes is structured in a way that acknowledges the existence of central or typical members within a category, such as "BIRD" or "FURNITURE." In this model, there are central members that are considered highly typical and representative of a particular category. These central members gradually transition into less typical or peripheral members, which do not exhibit all the typical characteristics but still belong to the same category.

Topic 31: Linguistic Relativity

Who are the key figures associated with the notion of linguistic relativity?

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf are associated with linguistic relativity.

What does linguistic relativity propose regarding language and thought?

It suggests that the language we speak conditions our conceptualization and is influenced by culture.

Topic 32: The Language of Thought Hypothesis

Why do proponents of cognitive science reject linguistic relativity?

Cognitive science rejects linguistic relativity and argues that thinking can occur without language.

What is the "language of thought hypothesis"?

It posits that cognitive processes use a separate computational system in the mind, a "language of thought."