ENG508 Midterm Solved Papers

Q. "He ran towards the store” which thematic role in it

Agent · theme instrument · goal

Q. According to Palmer there are two familiar grammatical categories gender and __(Number)

Q. It is the study of meaning as communicated by the speaker and interpreted by the listener ___(pragmatics)

Q. The context of the text itself is called __(co-text)

Q. A lexical entry is said to be a combination of ___ Morphological specification, Syntactic Specification and Semantic Specification

Q. The term ___ is used to refer to development and change of meaning. (Semantics)

Q. Which of the following distinguish between events in the real world and events in the future/imaginary world ___ (Illusion)

Q. Proper noun denotes · Groups · Societies · Individuals · All the given options · Q. the word kill is.... Causative · Extrinsically · Hastily

Q. The theory of linguistic relativity provides explanation for a/an---- experience when dealing with different languages

(Specific) · (Exceptional) · (Irregular) · (Common)

Q. Pragmatic study of the people.

(Meaning)

(Enormous)

Q. According to Grice, it is the knowledge of the maxims that allows hearers to draw........... About the speaker's intention and applied meanings.

Anticipant Manner Plight Inference

Q. Which is called the process by which an institutionalized lexical diverges from theoratical meanings..

Bi-directiondity Recursiveness Open-ended Pertification

Q. in Sansikrit, plural belongs to...... Term system...

Q. our interest in semantic relation is with.....

Images · Set · Range · Lexeme

Q. the flower is super ordinate of.....

Roses · pansies · tulips · all the given

Q. Fillmore has suggested ....... cases of case grammar. Six

Q. Connotative meanings compared with conceptual meanings are ........ and open-ended. Indeterminate

Q. Different phonological words which have the same or similar meanings. Synonymy

Q. Relevance theory emerged in 1980s in the collaborative work of Wilson and Sperber

Q. Meaningful utterances may b the products of incomplete utterances

Q. The process of creating and interpreting symbols is Semiotics.

Q. A sentence is a syntagm of words.

Q. Conversion is a change in the syntactic function (and usually the meaning) of an item without a corresponding change in morphological form

Q. Exophora is dependent on the context outside the text, e.g. proper nouns,

Q. Necessary and sufficient conditions are one traditional approach to describe concepts

Q. Hyponymy is always transitive but meronymy may or may not be

Q. thinks, loves, like, have, remains etc. are stative verbs and do not contain physical actions

Q. Charles J.Filmore suggested the six cases of grammar case

any particular type of word or phrase (Allott, 1988). The metaphorical element of a sentence can be a noun phrase, as in ‗John is an iceberg.‘ Verbs can also be used metaphorically, as in ‗Flintoff drilled the ball to the boundary.

Q. What Is the Perfect Aspect? (with Examples)

The perfect aspect (or complete aspect as it's sometimes called) is the aspect of a verb which expresses a completed action. Perfect aspect is the term for verbs in a perfect tense. Examples of Verbs in the Perfect Aspect We had seen. I had cleaned. She had drunk. How does traditional logic concerns with semantics Traditional logic is also concerned with semantics as some of its proposals range from simple syllogism to highly complex logical syntax. Logic makes use of concepts found in ordinary language (‗and‘, ‗or‘, etc.). Q. Social pragmatic

Social pragmatics which focuses on various aspects of the relationship between language use and more general social and cultural factors. Social pragmatics is common with the fields such as conversational analysis and discourse analysis.

Q. Tense and aspects

Tense is a category which allows a speaker to relate situations to time. EG they will cut the grass tomorrow‘ is future tense. Aspect System allows the speaker to relate situation andtime, and to view an event in various ways: as complete or incomplete. Aspects have to do not with the location of an event in time, but with its temporal distribution or contour).

For example: She is coming.‘ (incomplete), ‗She has come.‘ (complete).

Q. Define signifier, signified and sign or differentiate. (imp)

Signifier: Any material thing that signifies, e.g., words on a page, a facial expression, an image.

Signified: The concept that a signifier refers to Together, the signifier and the signified make up a meaning.

Sign: The smallest unit of meaning. Anything that can be used to communicate

Consider an example, ‗I met a person who believes in Allah, Prophets, HolyBooks, Angels and the Day of Judgement.‘ The alternate sentence can be ‗I met a Muslim.‘ Ofall the lexical cohesion devices, the most common form is repetition; repeated words or wordphrases, threading through the text. Substitution and Ellipsis avoid repetition; lexical repetitionexploits it for stylistic effect. Synonym is; instead of repeating the same exact words, a speakeror writer can use another word that means the same or almost the same.

Q. Explain compositionality principal

This theory says that the meaning of a piece of language is based solely on the meaning of its parts, and the way they are put together. With this theory we come to know that semantics has a very strong relation with syntax. To understand the structure of a sentence we need to have enough knowledge about its components such as noun, verb, adjective etc.

Q. Write a brief note on cataphoric expression.

Cataphoric expressions link forward to a referent in the text that follows. This type is opposite to anaphora

Q. COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE

The cooperative principle is a principle of conversation that was proposed by Grice 1975, stating that participants expect that each will make a “conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange.” Relevance theory is the study of how the assumption of relevance holds texts together meaningfully.