ENG509 Handouts by VUBuddy

ii

Table of Contents

Lesson No.

Lesson Title

Topics

Pg. No.

Lesson No. 1

WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY?

Morphemes Morphology in Action Abstract Morphological Facts Background and Beliefs Introduction to Morphological Analysis

Lesson No. 2

WORDS AND LEXEMES

What is a Word?

Types of Words Empirical Tests for Wordhood

Two Approaches to Morphology: Item-and-Arrangement, Item-andProcess The Lexicon

Lesson No. 3

MORPHOLOGY AND PHONOLOGY

Morphology and Phonology Allomorphs Prosodic Morphology Primary and Secondary Affixes Linguistic Exaptation, Levelling, and Analogy Morpho-Phonology and Secret Languages

Lesson No. 4

DERIVATION AND THE LEXICON

The Saussurean Sign Motivation and Compositionality Zero Derivation Other Derivational Processes: Blending Acronym Clipping & Formation Derivation and Structure

Lesson No. 5

WORDS & ITS FORMS: INFLECTIONS

Words and Grammar Regular and Irregular Inflections Forms of Nouns Forms of Pronouns & Determiners Forms of Verbs Forms of Adjective

Lesson No. 6

WORDS & ITS RELATIVES: DERIVATION: I

Relationship Between Lexemes Word Class & Conversion Adverb Derived from Adjectives iii Noun Derived from Nouns and Other Word Classes Adjectives Derived from Adjectives and Other Word Classes Verbs Derived from Verbs and Other Word Classes

Lesson No. 7

WORDS & ITS RELATIVES: DERIVATION: II

Compound vs. Phrases Compound Verbs and Adjectives Compound Nouns and Headed and Headless Compounds Blends and Acronyms Compounds Containing Bound Combining Forms Phrasal Words

Lesson No. 8

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURES

Properties of Morphological Structures A-Morphous Morphology Exocentricity Bracketing Paradoxes Parasynthesis

Lesson No. 9

DERIVATION AND SEMANTICS

The Polysemy Problem The Semantics of Derived Lexemes The Semantics of Affixation The Semantics of Zero Derivation English Agent Nouns in –er

Lesson No. 10

INFLECTION

What is Inflection?

Inventory of Inflectional Morphology Types: I

Inventory of Inflectional Morphology Types: II

Syncretism & Typology

Lesson No. 11

LEXICAL SOURCE OF ENGLISH WORD FORMATION

Rarity of borrowed Inflectional Morphology Reduction in Inflectional Morphology Characteristics of Germanic and Nongermanic derivations Fashions in Morphology History and Structure

Lesson No. 12

MORPHOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY AND THE MENTAL LEXICON

What is Morphological Productivity?

Productivity and Structure: Negative Prefixes in English Degrees of Productivity Testing Productivity The Mental Lexicon iv Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics

Lesson No. 13

MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX

Morphological vs. Syntactic Inflection Structural constraint on Morphological Inflections Inflection and Universal Grammar Grammatical Function Change Productivity in Grammatical Function change

Lesson No. 14

MORPHOLOGY AND PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

Morphology and Mind The Use of Mental Lexicon Acquisition of Morphology The Sources of Evidence Models of Morphological Knowledge Morphological Processing

Lesson No. 15

MORPHOLOGY AND LANGUAGE CHANGE

Nature of Language Change: Internal Nature of Language Change: External The Historical sources of Morphology Changes in Morphological rules Changes in Word Structure

Lesson No. 16

TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR: CATEGORIES & FUNCTIONS

Some Authorities of Grammatical Tradition Concept of Parts Of Speech is Different in Different Languages Parts of Speech in English Prescriptive or Normative Grammar Problems of Prescriptive Grammar to Answer Certain Questions

Lesson No. 17

WHAT IS SYNTAX

Concept of sentence in Prescriptive Grammar Hierarchy of Sentence Grammar Descriptive Grammar Sentence Structures Structures of a Noun Phrase Structures of Verb Phrase Structures of an Adjective Phrase

Lesson No. 18

PHRASE STRUCTURE IN PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR

Structures of Adverb Phrase Minimal Noun Phrase Making a Tree Diagram of a Sentence IC Analysis Methods of Display Some Flaws of the Theory

Lesson No. 19

GRAMMATICAL THEORIES I

Phrase Structure Rules