ENG509 Final Term Preparation 2020 by Paragon

Eng. 509 spring 2020

Q. Define determiner: Topic #28

In English, a determiner is a word that introduces a noun. It always comes before a noun, not after, and it also comes before any other adjectives used to describe the noun. For example, consider the placement and usage of the common determiner the in the sentences below: The bunny went home. 1. The book is very interesting. 2. Can you land me some money?

Q. Determiners:

In English, a determiner is a word that introduces a noun. It always comes before a noun, not after, and it also comes before any other adjectives used to describe the noun. ... For example, consider the placement and usage of the common determiner the in the sentences below: The bunny went home.

Definite article: the

Indefinite articles: a, an Demonstratives: this, that, these, those Pronouns and possessive determiners: my, your, his, her, its, our, their Quantifiers: a few, a little, much, many, a lot of, most, some, any, enough Numbers: one, ten, thirty Distributives: all, both, half, either, neither, each, every Difference words: other, another Pre-determiners: such, what, rather, quite

Q. Types of Determiners top

Articles: There are three articles in English language: a, an, the. The articles "a” and” an’ are used when we need to clarify the noun as indefinite and singular. The article " a" comes before nouns beginning with a constant sound, while the article "an" comes before nouns beginning with a vowel sound. The article "the" is used when we need to clarify the noun as definite and unique. Example of Articles: We saw the car again today. Demonstratives: The category of words which is used to clarify the distance of something or some person from the speaker is called demonstratives. Use of Demonstratives in a Sentence: Demonstratives can function as adjectives and pronouns in a sentence. These include: That, These, This, Those " That" is used when a singular noun is not very close to the speaker. ' This" is used when a singular noun is precisely in front and close to the speaker. 'T hose" is used when plural nouns are not very close to the speaker " These" is used when plural nouns are precisely in front and close to the speaker. Examples of Demonstratives: These books are fun to read. Possessives: The words that come to modify a noun to indicate possession towards some person or something are called possessives. These include: your, our, my, his, hers, its, their etc. Examples of Possessives: I am doing my assignment. Quantifiers: The category of indefinite determiners which is used to indicate the quantity of the noun without stating the precise number is called the Quantifiers. These include: many, much, plenty, enough, several, some, few, little etc. Examples of quantifiers: He does not have many friends.

Q. Underline transitive verb Topic# 36

A transitive verb is one that is used with an object: a noun, phrase, or pronoun that Refers to the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb. In the following Sentences, admire, maintain, face, and love are transitive verbs: i. I admire your courage 1. We need to maintain product quality 2. I can’t face him today.

Q. Headed and Headless compounds. Topic: 39

Both Headed and headless are adjectives and the basic difference between headed and headless is that headed compounds are having a head or heading while headless is without any head and as a verb headed is actually a head. Examples of head includes Going towards a certain direction. Southward headed caravans and fair-headed to fair headed and wrong-headed to wrongheaded are also the examples of head.

Examples of headless:

Without a head in the sense of leadership. The headless army blundered along after the death of their general, accomplishing nothing. Linguistics of a phrase or compound not having a head morpheme or word.

Q. Auxiliary verb Topic# 101

Auxiliary verbs or helping verbs at functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which they appear, such as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany a main

Types of auxiliary verbs:

There are two main types of auxiliary verbs; primary auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries.

Primarily auxiliary verbs:

Primary auxiliaries are those which help to form tenses, questions, negative sentences, passive voice etc. Their form changes according to the number and person of the subject the primary auxiliaries are be, have and do. The other forms of be are: (is, am, are, was, were, been and being).The other forms of have are: (has, had, having). The other forms of do are: (does, did, done and doing).

Modal auxiliary verbs:

Modal auxiliary are those that show the mode or manner of the actions expressed by the principal verb.

Example:

She could be hungry. Here 'could‟ shows the possibility of her being hungry. You ought to eat more. The idea of what 'you‟ should do is expressed through 'ought‟. Some examples of modal auxiliaries are: ( can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to, dare, need and used to).Modal auxiliaries do not change according to the number of person of the subject

Examples:

I ought to eat a balanced diet. You ought to eat a balanced diet. She ought to eat a balanced diet.

Q. Underline adjective phrase. Topic# 102

An adjective phrase is a group of words headed by an adjective that modifies a noun. Example: She had extremely menacing eyes.

1. Her voice was very soft.
2. Ali through the red ball.
3. He appreciate d the German girl.

Q. Underline the adverb phrase Topic# 103

An adverb phrase is simply a group of two or more words that function as an adverb in a sentence. Adverb phrases typically answer the questions how, where, why or when something was done, as you'll see in the adverb phrase examples below. Consider the following sentences: I parked the car. I parked the car here.

1. She copied the document accurately.
2. He is typically British.
3. He arrived rather unexpectedly.
4. The film was marvelously funny.
5. She has a really sweet personality.
6. John put that in the box.
7. The children always remind me of their grandfather.
8. He worded the letter very carefully

Q. Exclamatory Clauses. Topic: 103

In English grammar, an exclamatory sentence is a type of main clause that expresses strong feelings by making an exclamation. ... An exclamatory sentence is also called an exclamative or an exclamative clause. Exclamation with “How”: How fast he runs! Exclamation with “What”: What a beautiful house! Exclamation with “so”: The birthday cake was so good! Exclamation with “such”: You're such a liar! Exclamation conveys strong emotion: I hate you!

Q. Define kernel sentence with example? Topic 120

A kernel sentence is deep structure to which a string of transformation rules is applied to generate the surface structure. John is playing football. I wrote a letter. You spoke the truth.

Q. Identify sentence as kernel and non-kernel. Topic 120

I wrote a letter. (Kernel sentence)