ENG510 Midterm Solved Papers

Q. Linguistics generally recognize........ Major language families in Papua new genua.

Q. Under the official language act, both English and....... Have official federal status throughout Canada.

French Chinese Japanese

Q. Fish man asserts that a typical case of language shift can happen over..... Generation.

Q. Which of the following is used to refer to varieties according to use.

Mode variety tone register

Q. Outdated languages are known ----- Archic

Q. Language___ is general term for any distinct form of language on linguistic experience.(Variety)

Q. .language used by specific area is called___(Dialect)

Q. sociolinguistics distinguish b/w sex as a biological term and gender used to describe ____constructed categories based on sex. (SOCIALLY)

Q. Galim has approx___ inhabitants. (3000)

Q. which of following typically different in quality of voice, pronunciation, distinction of vowel____

Tenor accent

Q. which of the following model states that language change emanates from a single starting point and is gradually incorporated into the speech of the nearest neighbor.

Wave spring vibes diffusion

Q. An aggregate of people who come together around mutual engagement in some common endeavor may be termed as............

Community of practice community of use Group all of these

Q. Which of the following centuries was a particularly good time in the history of the study of regional variation in language

19th 20th 21st 18…

Q. In sociolinguistics, a style is a set of linguistic variants with specific social meanings.

Q. Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society. Q. According to the Oxford Companion to the English Language (1992), there are two broad types of language variety

Q. Groups and communities themselves are also ever changing, their boundaries are often porous, and internal relationships shift.

Q. Sociolinguists call the creole the BASILECT.

Q. Multilingualism is the use of more than one language by a single individual or community.

Q. CAT stands for: Communication Accommodation Theory

Q. Sociolinguistic is a Descriptive study.

Q. Mode refers to the means by which communication takes place — notably, by speech or writing

Q196. 9 language Act use languages English and Urdu

Q. Language and social interaction have a reciprocal relationship

Q. Code Switching is the switch or shift from one language to the other which involves longer stretches or units of language at the clause or sentence boundary.

Q. There is an evidence that language attitudes influence sound change.

Q. English, in various dialects, is the most widely spoken language of the United Kingdom

Q. The first social dialect study was conducted in the summer of 1961 on Martha’s Vineyard, an island off the coast of Massachusetts in the north-eastern United States.

Q. Pidgin expands and develop into Creole.

Q. Black English is A category of decrolizatn.

Q. a typical standard language will pass through the codification, elaboration and selection.

Q. Republic of Korea (ROK, or South Korea) has 42 million speakers.

Q. life span is divided into 4 stages.

Q. Urbanization is a great eroder of linguistic frontiers

Q. Linguists speak of both standard and non-standard varieties.

Q. the basic perspectives ' Anatomy of language deal with Structure

Q. William Labov (1927) has been a prominent voice in American linguistics since the early 1960s. Q. Define isogloss .

An isogloss, also called a heterogloss, is the geographic boundary of a certain linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or the use of some morphological or syntactic feature,

Q. language desertion

Language desertion is the act of deserting, or willful abandonment. Language desertion or code desertion is a term that refers to the phenomenon of abandoning the use of one language in favour of another which may ultimately result in the death of the deserted language.

Q. Decrlisation

This happens when a creole is spoken in a country where other people speak the creole's lexical source-language for example, English. Since the latter has so much more prestige than the creole, creole speakers tend to shift towards it, producing a range of intermediate varieties.

Q. Linguistic Exogamy

There is a rule that if you are listening to someone whom you respect, at least for the first few minutes, you should repeat after them, word-for-word, everything they say. For instance, it would be surprising if any of the languages concerned lacked a word for long-house' or `tribe', and we might reasonably expect a word for `phratry'. The main source of this complexity is the rule of 'linguistic exogamy', which might not be expected to be very widespread in the world. However, the other source is the amount of individual bilingualism (or, more accurately, multilingualism), which makes it hard to decide who is a speaker of a given language and who is not.

Q. Application of sociolinguistic:

A sociolinguist might determine through the study of social attitudes that particular vernacular would not be considered appropriate language use in a business or professional setting. Sociolinguists might also study grammar, phonetics, vocabulary, and other aspects of a sociolect, much as dialectologists would study the same for a regional dialect.

Q. social class:

Social class is a central concept in sociolinguistic research, one of the small number of social variables by which speech communities are stratified. Trudgill(1974) asserts, “most members of our society have some kind of idea, intuitive or otherwise, of what social class is,” and both specialists and laypeople agree. Social class is often defined in an ad hoc way which is very ironic because it is a very important variable in sociolinguistic studies. Despite the lack of a consensus of definition of social class, it is a significant term in Sociolinguistics.

Q. Contact language (3):

Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other. The study of language contact is called contact linguistics. Sometimes unrelated languages that are typical of creole language formation come in contact. There are some constraints on the outcomes of language contact other than the principle of localisation. A constraint relates to the aspect of space. Another constraint is concerned with speaker’s attitudes. Another constraint is of social factors. Yet another is social rigidity in which an innovation is being introduced. So, language contact occurs in a variety of phenomena, including language convergence, borrowing and relexification. The most common products are pidgins, creoles, codeswitching, and mixed languages. So, language contact is not as free as it seems to be.