ENG520 Final Term Treasure

ENG520

ABSTRACT This comprehensive collection of notes is accurately crafted to empower students to excel academically, ensuring they achieve a minimum of 80% marks in their examinations. The content is organized with clarity and precision, focusing on key concepts, critical analyses, and practical applications tailored to the syllabus. These notes serve as a reliable resource for both thorough preparation and last-minute revision. Designed to inspire confidence and mastery, this guide is an essential tool for students striving for academic excellence.

Maha Malik Testing and Evaluation

Topic- 072: Uses of True/ False Items

Another aspect of understanding that can be measured by true and false item is ability to recognize cause and effect relationship. This type of item usually contains true propositions in one statement, and the student is to judge whether the relationship between them is true or false.

Example: Directions, read each of the following statements, both parts of statements are true. You are to decide whether the second part explains why the first part is true. If it does, encircle Yes. If it does not, encircle No. Leaves are essentials because they shade the tree trunk. Yes No Some plants do not need sunlight because they get food from other plants. Yes No It could be used to measure some simple aspect of logic.

Topic- 073: Advantages and Limitations of True-False

Advantages of Alternative Form (True-False)

True-false questions are well suited for testing lower level learning outcomes, like a student‘s ability to;

i. Identify the correctness of factual statements, e.g. Earth is a planet. ii. Definition of terms e.g. Photosynthesis is the process by which leaves make food for plants. iii. Statement of principles, e.g. Earth is revolving around the sun. iv. Distinguish facts from opinion, e.g. Islam is the official religion of Pakistan. v. Recognize cause-and-effect relationship

Limitations of Alternative Form (True-False)

Most commonly observed limitations are:

i. All learning outcomes cannot be measured through alternative form questions. They are generally limited to lower level learning outcomes. ii. Ease of guessing correct answers when the answer is not known. With only two choices\ (true or false) the student could expect to guess correctly on half of the items for which correct answers are not known. iii. There is sometimes a tendency to take quotations from the text with a minor change in wording. iv. There may also be a tendency to include trivial material from the text. v. True-false items are prone to high guessing and can only be used for measuring lower level learning outcomes

Topic- 078: Suggestions for Constructing True-False Items –V

Avoid including two ideas in one statement unless cause and effect relationship are being measured. Explanation: Students can get confused and answer for only one statement. Other statement can have different answers. It is better to use two simple statements instead of including two ideas in one statement.

Example: Poor item

Pakistan could not qualify for world cup hockey because of poor resources, low talent and government support. (T) Pakistan could not qualify for world cup hockey because of poor resources, low talent. (F) Pakistan could not qualify for world cup hockey because of poor resources. (T)

Topic- 081: Matching Exercises

The matching type exercises consist of two parallel columns, first column premises and the second one is responses and the directions for matching the two columns. Matching test items are also selection items specially used to measure a student's ability to identify the relationship between a set of similar items, each of which has two components. Such as words and their definitions, symbols and their meanings, dates and events, people and their accomplishments, etc. Matching exercise is economical methods when used with content which has the sufficient homogeneous factual information. In developing matching items, there are two columns of material. Matching exercise is used when measuring a student's ability to identify the relationship between a set of similar items, each of which has two components.

Topic- 082: Uses of Matching Exercises

The typical matching exercise is limited to measuring factual information, based on simple associations. It is a compact and efficient method of measuring such simple knowledge outcomes. It is also being used with pictorial materials in relating pictures and words to identify positions on maps, charts and diagrams. Regardless of the dorm of presentation, the student‘s task is essentially to relate two things that have logical association. This restricts the use of matching exercise to small area of student‘s achievement.

Topic- 083: Advantages and Limitations of Matching Exercises

Advantages of Matching Exercises

❖ The major objective of matching exercise is its compact form, which makes it possible to measure a large amount of related factual material in a relatively short time. ❖ Another advantage is ease of construction. Poor matching items can be rapidly constructed, but good matching item requires a high degree of skills.

Limitations of Matching Exercises

❖ It is restricted to the measurement of factual information, based on rote learning. ❖ It is highly susceptible to the presence of irrelevant clues. ❖ Difficulty of findings homogenous material that is significant from the viewpoint of our objectives and learning outcomes.