ENG522 Midterm Short Handouts by Sir Zahid

ENG522 SHORT HANDOUTS · MIDTERM · Lesson 01 to 03 · (ENG522) Applied Linguistics · EFFORT BY VUHELPERS24 TEAM · REGARDS : SIR ZAHID: · Lesson 01 · Introduction to Applied Linguistics · Introduction to Applied Linguistics

What is the definition of Applied Linguistics according to the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA)?

AILA defines Applied Linguistics as an interdisciplinary field that deals with practical language and communication problems using linguistic theories, methods, and results, or by developing new theoretical and methodological frameworks.

What are some areas that Applied Linguistics can encompass, as mentioned in the AILA definition?

Applied Linguistics can include areas such as child language acquisition, language and communication disorders, multilingualism, language testing, communication in the workplace, and more.

What are the seven different ways of looking at language, as presented by Ron Macaulay?

The seven ways of looking at language are language as meaning, sound, form, communication, identity, history, and symbol.

How does the conceptualization of language affect the methodological perspectives in linguistics?

Different conceptualizations of language lead to various methodological perspectives in linguistics, influencing how linguists gather and analyze evidence. This diversity characterizes the different branches and sub-branches of linguistics.

What distinguishes the first schematized approach to linguistics (Figure 1.1) from the second approach (Figure 1.2)?

The first approach relies on the linguist's intuition and knowledge of the language without separately collected data. In contrast, the second approach uses a database for analysis, which can be derived from the language users.

What are the key implications for Applied Linguists discussed in the text?

The key implications for Applied Linguists are:

1. Applied Linguists need to be multidisciplinary and have knowledge in various areas.
2. Applied Linguists act as consultants, providing advice and interpretation but leaving the final decision to the client.
3. Describing language, on its own, is not considered Applied Linguistics unless it contributes to problem-solving.

How does Applied Linguistics differ from descriptive linguistics?

Applied Linguistics focuses on solving real-world language problems, while descriptive linguistics primarily concerns the analysis and description of language without an immediate problem-solving objective.

What is the unique selling point of Applied Linguistics that distinguishes it from other disciplines, according to the text?

The unique selling point of Applied Linguistics is its central focus on language. It distinguishes itself from other disciplines by dealing with language-related problems and research that are relevant to language practice. The Black English Trial in Ann Arbor (Labov, 1982)

What is the significance of the Ann Arbor case in 1977?

The Ann Arbor case was significant as it raised questions about the educational failure of black children in the United States, particularly related to their language and the so-called "restricted code."

Why did linguists become involved in the Ann Arbor case?

Linguists became involved to provide testimony and evidence about the linguistic facts and challenges faced by black children, as their language was central to the case.

What linguistic features characterized Black English Vernacular (BEV)?

BEV included features such as the zero form of the possessive, habitual be, absence of 3rd person singular "s," and more.

Labov's Principles and the Trial Outcome

What principles did Labov enunciate regarding social action?

Labov outlined principles like "error correction" and "obligation" for scientists involved in social action, emphasizing the responsibility to share important data with the public.

Why was it essential for linguists to present a united front during the trial?

Linguists needed to present a united front to ensure a consensus on linguistic issues, which was crucial for the trial's success.

The Role of Applied Linguists and Career Opportunities

What distinguishes Applied Linguistics as a methodology?

Applied Linguistics focuses on real-world language problems, making it a methodology that emphasizes practical problem-solving.

What are some potential career opportunities for graduates with a background in Applied Linguistics?

Career opportunities include roles such as language teachers, language education experts, speech pathologists, translators/interpreters, and more.

Defining Research Questions and Literature Review

What is the purpose of a literature review in the research process?

Answer: A literature review helps researchers understand existing work, prepare their arguments, and identify research gaps and questions.

How does a critical literature review help in the research process?

A critical literature review assesses the strengths and weaknesses of existing studies, compares results, and helps formulate specific research questions.

Research Design

What is the primary consideration when designing a research project?

The primary consideration is determining what type of evidence is needed to answer the research question convincingly.

What are the main types of research design mentioned in the text?

The main types of research design mentioned are etic vs. emic, quantitative vs. qualitative, experimental vs. non-experimental, longitudinal vs. non-longitudinal, and case study vs. group study.

What distinguishes an etic study from an emic study?

An etic study is comparative, while an emic study explores patterns and meanings in situ.