ENG524 Midterm Notes by Maha Malik

•  Coherence: Coherence refers to the quality of being logical and consistent, e.g., ' This

essay, on the whole, lacks coherence'.

•  Context Models: Context models are special kinds of experience models. They represent

communicative episodes in which we participate, often as part of other everyday episodes (conversation at breakfast, meeting at work, etc.).

•  Conversation Analysis: Conversation analysis (CA) is an approach to the study of social

interaction, embracing both verbal and non-verbal conduct, in situations of everyday life.

•  Critical Linguistics: Critical Linguistics (CL) is “an approach to language study which

uses linguistic techniques to investigate the ideologies (value systems and sets of beliefs) which underlie texts”

•  Dialectical Relational Approach: According to Dialectical Relational Approach CDA is

based upon a view of semiosis as an irreducible element of all material social processes (Williams 1977). Semiosis is viewed as an element of the social process which is dialectically related to others.

•  Dialectics: The art or practice of arriving at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments.
•  Discourse: Discourse is a unit of language usually longer than a sentence but the deduced

meaning is beyond the level of sentence.

•  Interpersonal Meanings: The interpersonal meanings are concerned with the interaction

between speaker(s) and addressee(s).

•  Lexicon: A lexicon is the knowledge that a native speaker has about a language.
•  Mental Model: A mental model is an explanation of someone's thought process about how

something works in the real world.

•  SFL: Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is an approach to linguistics that considers

language as a social semiotic system.

•  Situation Models: Situation models represent the situation a discourse is about, refers to

and hence may also be called semantic models.

•  Systematic Functional Linguistics: Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) is an approach

to linguistics that considers language as a social semiotic system.

•  The Discourse-Historical Approach: The Discourse-Historical Approach considers

discourse analysis not just to be a method of language analysis, but a multidimensional project incorporating theory, methods, methodology and empirically based research practices that yield concrete social applications.

•  Turn taking: The end of one speaker’s turn and the beginning of the next’s frequently

latch on to each other with almost perfect precision and split-second timing.

1. Collective narrative is a narrative that forms part of a group’s (identity)
2. How many assumptions of discourse analysis are there? (four)
3. It aims to depict the social object as just, rational and worthy of support. This strategy of

Normalization is called . (justification)

4. The term “critical discourse analysis” was introduced in the . (1980s)
5. Critical Discourse Studies (CDs) developed historically out of an approach to

language study developed of the University of East Anglia (Critical Linguistics)

6. The most important thing that makes a text has to make sense is . (meaning)
7. According to Fairclough, the category of should be kept in mind while doing

discourse analysis. (power, social class, ideology, all of the given options)

8. The Discourse Historical Approach is oriented. (problem)
9. The process by which ends are related to means, intentions to capabilities, and objective to

resources is called . (strategy)

10.

Discourse undergoes historical change relating to change (social)

11.

The process by which text and context come together in the creation of meaning is referred to as . (contextualization)

12.

The key notion of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) is (context)

13.

CNA stands for . (Critical Narrative Analysis)

14.

The acronym “DHA” stands for (Discourse-Historical Approach)

15.

Conversation views as constructed moment by moment through conversational moves (context)

16.

One of the main tenets of CDA is that relations are discursive. (power)

17.

MMDA stands for . (Multi-Modal Discourse Analysis)

18.

19.

The term discourse analysis was first introduced by . (Zelling Harris)

1. The presupposition that merely presuppose the existence of something is called

presupposition (Existential)

2. Position of information in the text, and how the text fits with the overall knowledge in the

related epistemic/discourse community is dealt with at level. (discourse)

3. The is about procedural knowledge of how to ‘make sense’ of discourse and the

world. (pragmatic meta-level)

4. The concept of ‘communicative competence’ was proposed by (Dell Hymes)
5. CDA could include the documentation of: ()minority discourses, diasporic voices,

emergent discourses, all of the given)

6. The implicature derived from a particular context, rather than from the use of the words

alone is termed as implicature. (particularized)

7. Stibbe (2014) argued that the term ‘critical discourse analysis’ does not imply being

(negative)

8. The acronym CADs stand for (Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies)