ENG524 Midterm Short Handouts File 2 by Sir Zahid

ENG524 SHORT HANDOUTS · MIDTERM · Lesson 06 to 10 · (ENG 524) CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS · EFFORT BY VUHELPERS24 TEAM · REGARDS : SIR ZAHID: · VU-All-(Bs English Group) · Click · (JOIN NOW) · Lecture-06 · CDA and Context · Topic-01: Definition of Context

How does Blommaert define context?

Blommaert defines context as "the totality of conditions under which discourse is being produced, circulated, and interpreted."

According to Van Dijk, what are the elements that make up context?

Van Dijk defines context as "the cognitive, social, political, cultural, and historical environments of discourse."

What metaphors were used in early approaches to depict context?

Early approaches used metaphors such as "figure as text" and "ground as context."

What are the components of context according to Halliday & Hasan (1985)?

Halliday & Hasan distinguish text, co-text, context of situation, and context of culture.

How is the relationship between text and context described?

Text and context are described as being in a "mutually reflexive" relationship, where each influences the other.

What is contextualization, and how is it related to meaning?

Contextualization is the process by which text and context come together to create meaning.

According to van Dijk, what regulates contextualization?

Contextualization is regulated by the 'K-device,' which is the mutual knowledge shared by the speaker and hearer.

How is the dynamic nature of context described?

Context is described as dynamic and changing as the discourse progresses.

What is intertextuality, and why is it important in CDS?

Intertextuality is the process whereby textual features of one text reappear in another, and it is important in CDS because it links different texts together.

Why is identity considered an important contextual factor?

Identity is important because the image one has of oneself or others affects the interpretation of actions and motivations.

Topic-02: Early Models of Context

How did Malinowski emphasize the role of context in language?

Malinowski stated that a word without linguistic context is meaningless, and context is essential for interpretation.

What distinction did Firth and Halliday make regarding context?

Firth and Halliday distinguished between the context of situation and the broader context of culture.

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, and how does it relate to context?

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that the culture underlying a language represents the context within which that language is interpreted.

What is Hymes's speaking mnemonic, and what are its components?

Hymes's speaking mnemonic includes components like setting, participants, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, genre, and pragmatics.

How does Grice's cooperative principle relate to context in communication?

Grice's cooperative principle emphasizes that the interpretation of utterances is an inferential process based on rational thought and context.

Topic-03: Recent Models of CDA

How does Conversation Analysis (CA) view context?

CA views context as constructed moment by moment through conversational moves.

What are the two views of CA regarding context?

There is a strong view (Schegloff) that emphasizes the evidence of context within the sequence of speaker turns and a weaker view (Drew and Heritage) that looks at the institutional context.

What are the three dimensions of context in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)?

The three dimensions are field of discourse, tenor of discourse, and mode of discourse.