ENG524 Midterm Short Handouts by Sir Zahid

ENG524 SHORT HANDOUTS · MIDTERM · Lesson 01 to 05 · (ENG 524) CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

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Click · (JOIN NOW) · Lecture-01 · What is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) · Topic-01: Introduction to Discourse Analysis

What is Discourse Analysis?

Discourse Analysis is the examination of language beyond the sentence level, considering linguistic and non-linguistic behavior. It studies language patterns across texts and their social and cultural contexts.

Who introduced the term Discourse Analysis?

Zelling Harris (1952) introduced the term Discourse Analysis.

Why is knowledge about language beyond words, clauses, phrases, and sentences necessary for successful communication?

It is needed to understand the relationship between language and context, as a pragmatic view of language is essential in discourse analysis.

What are the different views or aspects of Discourse Analysis?

Discourse as the social construction of reality, discourse and socially situated identities, discourse and performance, discourse and intertextuality.

What are the four main assumptions of Discourse Analysis?

1. Language is ambiguous.
2. Language is always 'in the world.'
3. The way we use language is inseparable from our social identities.
4. Language is never used alone; it is combined with other elements like tone, gestures, and text format.

Topic-02: Discourse and Text

How is meaning related to a text, according to Halliday?

Meaning is the most important element of a text, and it must make sense. A text is everything meaningful in a particular situation.

What is genre analysis, and why is it significant in Discourse Analysis?

Genre analysis studies the social functions of different types of texts. It is essential because it helps understand how the structure and features of texts reflect the intentions and identities of the users.

Who was one of the first researchers to examine the discourse structure of texts, and what did he introduce into discourse analysis?

Mitchell (1957) was one of the first to examine discourse structure. He introduced the notion of stages into discourse analysis, representing the steps that language users go through.

What are the three important aspects of genres in discourse analysis?

1. Genres are communicative events.
2. Genres have conventions and constraints.
3. Genres allow for creativity.

Topic-03: The Emergence of CDA

How did Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) develop historically?

CDA developed historically out of Critical Linguistics (CL), emphasizing the role of ideology and power relations in language use.

In what fields is CDS (Critical Discourse Studies) practiced?

CDS is practiced in various fields, including anthropology, business studies, geography, health studies, media studies, psychology, and tourism studies.

What is the primary focus of CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis)?

CDA primarily studies how social power dynamics, abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted through text and speech in the social and political context.