MGT503 Final Term Subjective 2011

MGT503 · _FINAL TERM · _2011 · Subjective questions solved · By Binish Awais · d/w unity of command and unity of direction · . Unity of Command

An employee should receive orders from one superior only. . Unity of direction.

The organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers

D b/w power and authority

Answer: Power is the capacity to affect the behavior of others. There are different types of power depending upon their sources originally identified by French and Raven.

1. Legitimate power stems from a position’s placement in the managerial hierarchy and the authority

vested in the position.

2. Reward power is based on the capacity to control and provide valued rewards to others.
3. Coercive power is based on the ability to obtain compliance through fear of punishment.
4. Expert power is based on the possession of expertise that is valued by others.
5. Information power result from access to and control over the distribution of important information about organizational operations and future plans.
6. Referent power results from being admired, personally identified with, or liked by others.

Authority. Managers must be able to give order. Authority gives them this right. Along with authority, however, goes responsibility.

Benefit of value chain managemlnt

Answer: Value chain management (VCM) is the integration of all resources starting with the vendor's vendor. It integrates information, materials, labor, facilities, logistics, etc. into a time-responsive, capacity-managed solution that maximizes financial resources and minimizes waste. In other words, efficient and effective value chain management optimizes value for the customers' customer. The following sections discuss the development of VCM, integrated supply chain planning and scheduling, full resource management, cycle time responsiveness, chain-wide resource optimization, and information integration.

Listen is very important for manager how he can become good listner

Q3. Listen actively.

1. Listening is an active search for meaning, whereas hearing is passive.
2. Active listening is listening for full meaning without making premature judgments or interpretations, and demands total concentration.
3. Active listening is enhanced by developing empathy with the sender—placing yourself in the

sender’s position

Being a manager you have to apply Expectancy Theory to motivate your subordinates. What steps would you follow to apply the theory?

Expectancy Theory

Expectancy Theory is the theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. Three relationships are important to this theory.

1. Effort-performance linkage (expectancy) is the probability perceived by the individual that exerting

a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance.

2. Performance-reward linkage (instrumentality) is the degree to which an individual believes that

performing at a particular level is instrumental in, or will lead to, the attainment of a desired outcome.

3. Attractiveness of the reward (valence) is the importance that the individual places on the potential

outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job.

Q4. There are four features inherent in the theory.

1. What perceived outcomes does the job offer the employee?
2. How attractive do employees consider these outcomes to be?
3. What kind of behavior must the employee exhibit to achieve these outcomes?
4. How does the employee view his or her chance of doing what is asked?
5. The key to understanding this theory is to understand an individual’s goal and the linkage between

effort and performance, between performance and rewards, and between rewards and individual goal satisfaction.

Total question 69

MCQ62

2.define the higher level and lover level of needs in maslow's Hierarchy 3

Answer: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has often been represented in a hierarchial pyramid with five levels. The four levels (lower-order needs) are considered physiological needs, while the top level is considered growth needs. The lower level needs need to be satisfied before higher-order needs can influence behavior. The levels are as follows (see pyramid in Figure 1 below).

• Self-actualization – morality, creativity, problem solving, etc.
• Esteem – includes confidence, self-esteem, achievement, respect, etc.
• Belongingness – includes love, friendship, intimacy, family, etc.
• Safety – includes security of environment, employment, resources, health, property, etc.
• Physiological – includes air, food, water, sex, sleep, other factors towards homeostasis, etc.