PAK302 Glossary

Aryans

Aryans were the warriors and fighters and they came from the Central Asian States, entered in the Sub-Continent through the Northern region and settled in the SubContinent.

Balkan Wars

The Balkan Wars consisted of two military conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in South-Eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war; one of the four, Bulgaria, suffered defeat in the second war. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. AustriaHungary, although not a combatant, became relatively weaker as a much-enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavic peoples. The war set the stage for the Balkan crises from 1914 and thus served as a "prelude to the First World War".

Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy is an administrative system that is defined by a strict code of conduct, a hierarchical structure, and the use of standard operating procedures. Each tier of power in a bureaucratic system is accountable to the tier above it for a certain set of duties and responsibilities.

PAK302

Glossary

Constitution is a set of basic principles and framework for governance and exercise of political power and legal authority. It clarifies the scope of power, relationship among various institutions within the government and society.

Charisma

Charisma is a rare personal quality attributed to leaders who arouse fervent popular devotion and enthusiasm or personal magnetism or charm. Charismatic leader is a leader who possesses these traits and with the help of these qualities he inspires the masses to follow him and his vision. This kind of leadership can bring revolutionary changes.

Federal Consolidated Fund

The Federal Consolidated Fund refers to the aggregate amount of funds received by the federal government, encompassing all sources of revenue, various types of loans acquired by the government, and payments received for loan repayment. This collective sum is sometimes referred to as the federal consolidated funds.

Dynasty

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family.

Dyarchy

Dyarchy, also spelled diarchy, system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. It marked the first introduction of the democratic principle into the executive branch of the British administration of India. The principle of dyarchy was a division of the executive branch of each provincial government into authoritarian and popularly responsible sections. The first was composed of executive councilors, appointed, as before, by the crown. The second was composed of ministers who were chosen by the governor from the elected members of the provincial legislature. These latter ministers were Indians.

EBDO

EBDO is Elective Bodies Disqualification Order.

ECO

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) was established in 1985 by Iran, Turkey and Pakistan. It succeeded Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD), which was founded in 1964 to promote cooperation among the three Member States. In 1992, the Organization welcomed in its fold seven new Members, including Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Afghanistan. The Headquarter of ECO is located in Tehran.

Grant of Diwani

The Grant of Diwani is a treaty between the Nawab of Oudh, Shah Alam II and East India Company. This is the agreement about the Tax Collection (Diwani right) on the behalf of Emperor from the Eastern Provinces Bengal-Bihar-Orissa.

Democracy

Democracy is the most powerful form of government and it is the fundamental and distinctive character of modern age. It has also been regarded as the most favorable and decisive form of government which requires active participation of the people in the decision-making process, because without public collaboration, democracy could not flourish properly. According to Abraham Lincoln, “Democracy is a form of government for the people, by the people and through the people”.

Ideology

Ideology is a cluster of ideas, beliefs and principles which has become deeply incorporated in the social consciousness of a group over time.

Interim

Interim is something that is intended to be used until something permanent is done or established. As like, the interim government is that government which take the responsibilities of any country on the temporary basis until a permanent government is established after the elections.

Joint Electorate

A joint electorate is one where the entire voting population of a country or region is part of a single electorate, and the entire electorate votes for the candidates who contest in the elections.

Legislature

Legislature is an officially selected group of people assigned with the responsibility to make laws for a state or a nation. Afterward these laws become the part of the