PSY406 Final Term Highlighted Handouts Set 2 by VSC

i

Table of Contents:

Lesson 01 Lesson 02 Lesson 03 Lesson 04 Lesson 05 Cognitive Development and Language II Lesson 06 Cognitive Development and Language III Lesson 07 Cognitive Development and Language IV Lesson 08 Personal Social and Emotional Development I Lesson 09 Personal Social and Emotional Development II Lesson 10 Learner Differences I Lesson 11 Learner Differences II Lesson 12 Learner Differences III Lesson 13 Culture and Community I Lesson 14 Culture and Community II Lesson 15 Culture and Community III Lesson 16 Behavioral Views of Learning I Lesson 17 Behavioral Views of Learning II Lesson 18 Behavioral Views of Learning III Lesson 19 Cognitive Views of Learning I Lesson 20 Cognitive Views of Learning II Lesson 21 Cognitive Views of Learning III Lesson 22 Complex Cognitive Processes I Lesson 23 Complex Cognitive Processes II Lesson 24 Complex Cognitive Processes III Lesson 25 Social Cognitive and Constructivist Views of Learning I Lesson 26 Social Cognitive and Constructivist Views of Learning II Lesson 27 Social Cognitive and Constructivist Views of Learning III Lesson 28 Motivation in Learning and Teaching I Lesson 29 Motivation in Learning and Teaching II Lesson 30 Motivation in Learning and Teaching III Lesson 31 Creating Learning Environment I Lesson 32 Motivation in Learning and Teaching IV Lesson 33 Creating Learning Environment II Lesson 34 Teaching for Academic Learning I Lesson 35 Teaching for Academic Learning II Lesson 36 Teaching for Academic Learning III Lesson 37 Teaching for Self-Regulation, Creativity and Tolerance I Lesson 38 Teaching for Self-Regulation, Creativity and Tolerance II Lesson 39 Teaching for Self-Regulation, Creativity and Tolerance III Lesson 40 Standardized Testing I Lesson 41 Standardized Testing II Lesson 42 Standardized Testing III Lesson 43 Classroom Assessment and Grading I Lesson 44 Classroom Assessment and Grading II Lesson 45 Classroom Assessment and Grading III

Lesson 01

There are few questions that should be considered while deciding characteristic of a good teacher. Should a good teacher be a psychologist, or he should be expert in his field and know all information about students? These qualities are enough for a good teacher? Or there are any other factors that they should know or these are enough? Good teaching is, basically, the various functions that good teachers perform. There are four characteristics of a good teacher:

1. He knows his students. He must know all good and bad aspects and about their background and potentials.
2. He knows the learning process. He should know how students learn. What kind of hindrance they encounter during learning process? Whether these factors are inside or outside the student and how these can be overcome to make them to show greater interest in their studies.
3. He motivates students. He helps them to know themselves and their subject and the world as a whole. Learning process is not limited to classroom; a good teacher motivates students to learn outside the class room.
4. He assesses his students properly: Not only academic assessment, but also of their background, emotional intelligence, motivation etc. He must let his students know how they are assessed.

If a person has theses four characteristic, he would be a good teacher. Are these characteristics inherited or learned? These are not inherited but all are learned. So to become a good teacher is easy if you follow and adopt these characteristics.

Self-regulation in Teaching

Subject matter always changes with the passage of time as it is dynamic. A good teacher not only assesses and regulates students properly but also regulate himself that is very important. Educational psychology is not one way stream rather this is two way stream. Another concept in this regard is what is called “selfregulated teaching”. It is when a teacher reviews his teaching on a regular basis. Psychologists assume that a good teacher must possess following qualities:

a) A good teacher knows their subject b) Knows various teaching strategies. As dozens of teaching strategies are available. It depends how he can engage students in the classroom by using most effective strategy. A combination of demonstrating, lecturing and practicing is a good strategy. Any of the strategy must be adopted by keeping in mind the subject and level of experiences of the field. c) He must know the particular way of teaching. d) They know cultural backgrounds of their students. This is very important to know as it affects learning process. There are two main cultures in our county: urban and rural cultures. Another example is if a teacher expect students to perform well in studies during Christmas then it would be difficult for Christian students to concentrate because they are in a specific frame of mind. So a good teacher should consider these factors while teaching and giving any important tasks. e) He should know about the setting of the classroom to make learning process more easy and effective. Should know set up learning situations (Labs etc. and learning in pairs/groups etc.) f) He should know whether an individual dyad is better or group work will be more effective according to the situation and subjects. Choose appropriate courses for students. g) Know the goals and purpose of leadership. Some people think leaders are born and some other think are made. But researches have shown in various countries including Pakistan that leaders are made. They have certain visions and this vision can be taught.

Self-Management

Self-Management is another concept that is very important. To know yourself and to manage yourself is self-management. If you are aware of your weaknesses you can learn how to overcome them. Self-management may be understood keeping in mind the following three points a) Goal setting is most important ingredient of self-management. Teachers should set goals of his teaching before undertaking a task. The goals must be clearly defined as these are easy to achieve. b) The second point is monitoring and evaluating yourself while you are teaching or moving towards your goal. It must be done continually. c) The third point is self-reinforcement: Rewarding you as a teacher. Human beings learn best if they are rewarded.

Fringe Benefits of Self-Regulation

It means added benefits you acquire after self-regulation. Self-management helps to adopt good behaviors that will make you a good teacher. There is a great Importance of Self-regulation/ management as it helps to solve problems for teaching. These benefits will help you as a teacher and students as well. Fringe Benefits including: Students can note their own progress or lack of it. Can give or receive congratulations Keep accurate record of their efforts Output increases by 27% Student input is maximized