PSY511 Final Term Subjective July 2024

( Current 11 Solved paper...)

Psy511 paper #1

Q1. What is urbanization Particularly focus on female migrant?

According to the report on Pakistan, the proportion of females is lowest in rural-tourban migration and highest in rural-to-rural migration. The same pattern has been observed in India. In the rural urban stream, the share of females is 51 percent in Pakistan. A relatively large fraction of rural urban migrants’ cross provincial boundaries. The perception that “the urban migrant is invariably a male” is incorrect; females make up a considerable proportion of migrants.

Q2. How energy consumption techniques can be used in construction and building? 5

The construction of homes is a critical factor in determining energy consumption. Key considerations include wise use of insulation, effective shading in summer, and utilization of sunlight in winter. Implementing these strategies can result in substantial energy savings without compromising comfort. For instance, well-insulated homes with strategic shading can retain heat during winter and keep interiors cool during summer, leading to reduced energy needs for heating and cooling. Commercial buildings often exhibit excessive energy consumption due to design choices such as extensive glass usage and tall structures. For example, buildings like the Sears Tower in Chicago consume more electricity than entire towns. Implementing energy-efficient design principles and modifying appliance usage can lead to significant energy savings in commercial buildings.

Q3. Enlist eco-friendly contributions

Visualize a future where energy conservation and efficiency are ingrained in everyday life, leading to sustainable and eco-friendly practices across all sectors. Behavioral Solutions to Environmental Problems

• Tragedy of Commons: The concept of the tragedy of the commons highlights the conflict between immediate self-interest and future public interest. It underscores the need for collective action and responsible environmental stewardship.
• Education to Preserve Environment: Educational initiatives play a crucial role in promoting environmental preservation. However, simply telling people what to do may not be effective. Instead, efforts should focus on changing attitudes and behaviors gradually.

Analysis and Intervention: Applying principles of behavior modification can lead to positive changes in environmentally relevant behaviors. Strategies include: O Baseline Period: Observing naturally occurring behaviors related to energy use. o Treatment Period: Introducing interventions like rewards for desired behaviors and punishments for non-target behaviors. o Follow-Up Period: Continuing observations post-intervention to assess effectiveness.

Q4. What is the reason that moves people to confirm with the group?

Conformity means a tendency to shift one's opinions or actions to correspond with those of other people because of implicit or explicit social pressures. Conformity is a phenomenon here. Conformity is pervasive in society, influencing career choices, among other things. For instance, in our country, many gravitate towards careers like medicine or engineering, following societal norms. One of the great reasons is often involves people outwardly agreeing with the group while inwardly retaining personal opinions. This internal conflict can be stressful, leading individuals to eventually adopt the group's viewpoint to reduce discomfort—a process known as internalization.

Q5. Hans selye 3 stages of stress appraisal?

Psychologist Hans Selye introduced the concept of adaptation syndrome, proposing that stress unfolds in three distinct stages:

1. Alarm Reaction