SE601P Subjective Week 1-8 by Facts

SE601P – Week 1

Short Questions (3 Marks) – FINAL EXAM FORMAT

1. Define object-oriented software development.

Object-oriented software development is a programming approach that organizes software around objects. These objects represent real-world entities and contain both data and behavior. This approach improves modularity, reusability, and maintainability of software systems.

Q2. What is an object in object-oriented programming?

An object is an instance of a class that represents a real-world entity. It contains properties that define its state and methods that define its behavior. Each object occupies memory and can interact with other objects.

3. Define a class with an example.

A class is a blueprint or template used to create objects in object-oriented programming. It defines the properties and methods that objects of that class will have. For example, a Student class may contain name and roll number as properties.

4. Differentiate between class and object.

A class is a logical blueprint that defines attributes and behaviors, while an object is a physical instance of a class. A class does not occupy memory, whereas an object occupies memory. Multiple objects can be created from a single class.

5. What are object properties? Give examples.

Object properties are attributes or characteristics that describe the state of an object. They store data related to the object. For example, a car object may have properties such as color, model, and year.

Q6. What are methods in object-oriented programming?

Methods are functions defined inside a class that describe the behavior of an object. They perform actions on the object’s data. For example, start() and stop() are methods of a car object.

7. Define encapsulation.

Encapsulation is an object-oriented principle that combines data and methods into a single unit called a class. It restricts direct access to data from outside the class. This improves data security and program maintainability.

Q8. How does encapsulation improve software maintainability?

Encapsulation hides the internal implementation details of a class. Changes made inside the class do not affect other parts of the program. This makes the software easier to update and maintain.

Q9. What is information hiding?

Information hiding is a design principle that restricts access to internal details of a class or module. Only necessary information is exposed through public methods. This reduces dependency between different parts of a program.

10. Differentiate between encapsulation and information hiding.

Encapsulation is the process of bundling data and methods into a single unit. Information hiding focuses on restricting access to internal details. Encapsulation is a mechanism that supports

11. Define inheritance.

Inheritance is an object-oriented mechanism that allows a class to acquire properties and methods of another class. The existing class is called the superclass, and the new class is called the subclass. Inheritance promotes code reuse.

Q12. Why is inheritance used in object-oriented programming?

Inheritance is used to reuse existing code and reduce duplication. It helps in creating hierarchical relationships between classes. This improves maintainability and extensibility of software.

Q13. What is polymorphism?

Polymorphism is an object-oriented concept that allows the same method to perform different actions for different objects. It enables flexibility and dynamic behavior in programs. Polymorphism is commonly achieved through method overriding.

14. Give one example of polymorphism.

An example of polymorphism is a sound() method behaving differently for different objects. A Dog object produces a bark sound, while a Cat object produces a meow sound. The method name remains the same, but behavior differs.

15. Define abstraction.

Abstraction is the process of showing only essential features of an object while hiding unnecessary details. It helps in reducing complexity and improving system understanding. Abstraction focuses on what an object does, not how it does it.

Q16. How is abstraction achieved in object-oriented programming?

Abstraction is achieved using abstract classes and interfaces. These define method declarations without implementation. The actual implementation is provided by subclasses or implementing classes.