SOC101 Final Term Short Notes by VU Topper RM

Soc-101 Short Notes For Final Term: · Solve By Vu_Toper-RM · All Paid Services Is Available !! · VU · Online Classes + Project · Nothing Is Impossible >> O3224021365 · Formal organizations:

are large, secondary groups that are organized to achieve their goals efficiently.

Rationalization:

Formal organizations are the product of rationalization of society which means the acceptance of rules, efficiency, and practical results as the right way to approach human affairs. As a result of rationality, formal organizations, secondary groups designed to achieve explicit objectives, have become central feature of contemporary soc Social relations in formal organizations are impersonal, formal, and planned.

Types of formal organization:

1. Utilitarian Organizations
2. Normative Organizations
3. Coercive Organizations

• Just about everyone who works for income is member of utilitarian organization, which pays its members to perform the jobs for which they were hired.
• People join normative organizations not for income but to pursue goals they consider morally worthwhile.
• Coercive Organization: These organizations have involuntary membership. Members are physically and socially separated from ‘outsiders’ or ‘civil society’.

• Bureaucracy:

It is an organizational model rationally designed to perform complex tasks efficiently.

Characteristic of Ideal bureaucracy:

Broadly there are six characteristics.

1. Specialization:

There is a division of labor in the bureaucracy and each member has a specific task to fulfill.

2. Hierarchy of Offices

Bureaucracies arrange the personnel in a vertical ranking. Authority ranking. Usually with fewer people in higher positions, the structure takes the form of a bureaucratic “pyramid”.

3. Written rules and regulations.

Rationally enacted rules and regulations control not only the organization’s own functioning but also its larger environment. In general, the longer a bureaucracy exists and the larger it grows, the more written rules it has.

4. Technical competence. A bureaucratic organization expects its officials and staff to have the technical competence to carry out their duties, and regularly monitors worker performance. Evaluation is based on performance and not on favoritism.

5. Impersonality

Rules take precedence over personal whims. Members of a bureaucracy owe allegiance to the office, not to a particular person. The impersonality ensures that the clients as well as workers are all treated uniformly. Each worker in bureaucracy becomes a small cog in a large machine. Each worker is a replaceable unit, for many others are available to fulfill each particular function. From this detached approach stems the notion of the “faceless bureaucrat”.

6. Formal, written communication. Heart of bureaucracy is not people but paperwork. Rather than casual, verbal communication, bureaucracy relies on formal, written memos and reports. Over time, this correspondence accumulates into vast files

• Problems of bureaucracy can dehumanize and manipulate individuals. Bureaucracy poses threat to personal privacy and political democracy.
• Bureaucratic Alienation Efficiency vs. potential to dehumanize the people. The environment gives rise to alienation where human being is reduced to a part of big bureaucratic machinery.

• Bureaucratic Inefficiency and Ritualism

• Preoccupation with rules and regulations.