STA630 Final Term Past Papers by Taniya

STA 630 CURRENT ANSWERS BY TANIYA

Scenario-Based MCQs

1. Mall Intercept Interview: A type of survey conducted in shopping centers or malls, where researchers approach people for interviews.
2. CATI (Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing): A method where interviewers use a computer to assist them in conducting telephone surveys.
3. Univariate: Refers to a statistical analysis involving only one variable.
4. Pretest: A small-scale trial run of a survey or experiment to identify potential issues.
5. Snowball Sampling: A type of non-probability sampling where existing participants refer new participants, creating a "chain" of referrals.
6. Advantages of Sampling: Cost, labor, and time savings.
7. Simple Probability Sampling: Every member has an equal chance of being selected.
8. Data Transformation: Changing data from its original form into a more usable format.
9. Unidimensional: All items measure the same construct.
10. Histogram: A type of graph used to display the distribution of values for interval or ratio data.
11. Quasi-Experimental Design: A research design that resembles an experimental design but lacks random assignment.
12. Non-reactive Research: A type of research in which the subjects are unaware of being studied.
13. Non-reactive Research: It involves collecting data without the participants’ knowledge, ensuring no changes in behavior due to observation.
14. Counting Vehicles at Traffic: A type of non-reactive research that collects data without influencing the subjects' behavior

QUESTION/ANSWER

Q1. Difference between Scale and Index

Scale: Measures the intensity or level of something (e.g., strongly agree to strongly disagree). It shows how much of a quality someone has. Index: Combines multiple questions or factors to create a total score (e.g., an index of economic development based on income, education, and health).

Q3. Type of Question in Scenario

Double-barrel question: It asks two things in one question, making it confusing. Example: " Have you ever noticed your employee (something) and reluctant to work for you?" This question asks about two things at once, so the respondent may not know which one to answer.

Q4. Why Choose a Personal Interview Instead of a Telephone Interview?

Poor phone connection. Need to see facial expressions and body language. Sensitive topic requiring personal interaction. Respondent is not comfortable giving detailed answers over the phone.

Q5. Population vs. Sample

Population: All working women in Pakistan. Sample: 700 women from different organizations in the textile industry. The population is the larger group, and the sample is the smaller group taken for study.

Q6. How to Get a Complete Questionnaire? (Any Two Solutions)

1. Follow up with the respondents via call, email, or message to request missing answers.
2. Offer an incentive (small gift, discount, or appreciation) for completing the questionnaire.

Data Representation and Frequency Distribution

Data representation: Refers to organizing data into charts, tables, graphs, etc., to make it easier to understand and interpret. Frequency distribution: A way to organize and display data to show how often each value or range of values occurs.

Editing and Coding Difference

Editing: Involves reviewing and correcting data for errors or inconsistencies. Coding: The process of categorizing or labeling responses to prepare data for analysis.

Types of Samples

Probability sample: Every member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected (e.g., simple random sampling, stratified sampling). Non-probability sample: Members are chosen based on convenience or judgment, and not all members have a chance of being selected (e.g., convenience sampling, snowball sampling).

Disadvantage of Mail Questionnaire

Low response rate: Many people may not fill out and return the

Lack of control: The researcher has no way to clarify questions or ensure correct completion.

Pilot Testing

Pilot testing: Conducting a small-scale trial of the survey or experiment to check the design, data collection process, and overall feasibility before full implementation.

Data Transformation

Data transformation: The process of converting data from its original form into a format that is easier to analyze or interpret.

Limitations of Simple Random Sampling

May not be representative: In some cases, random samples might not represent the population accurately, especially if the sample size is too small.

Why Researchers Prefer Sampling Instead of Collecting Data from Entire Population

Cost and time-effective: Sampling is less expensive and quicker than studying the entire population.