STA630 Final Term Solved Subjective with References by Hira Ali

Asslam O Alikum · Islamabad · Paper # 01

Q1. Explanatory Research.

When we encounter an issue that is already known and have a description of it, we might begin to wonder why things are the way they are. The desire to know “why,” to explain, is the purpose of explanatory research. It builds on exploratory and descriptive research and goes on to identify the reasons for something that occurs. Explanatory research looks for causes and reasons. For example, a descriptive research may discover that 10 percent of the parents abuse their children, whereas the explanatory researcher is more interested in learning why parents abuse their children.

Goals of Explanatory Research

Explain things not just reporting. Why?

Which explanation is better. Determine the accuracy of theory. Advance knowledge about underlying process Build and elaborate a theory à complete. Extend a theory or principle into new areas. Provide evidence to support or refute an explanation or prediction.

Q2. Basic and applied research compared

Basic

o Intrinsically satisfying Freedom.

Hi standards applied. Logic and rigorous research design Basic knowledge. Successà results published impact on other scientists.

Applied:

R à part of job Constrained to demands of sponsors Rà quick and dirtyà may not meet hi standards. Apply to areas of interest to sponsors. Practical payoffs. Successà results are used by sponsors.

Q3. What purpose of research design? (5 M)

A master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the data. A strategy or blueprint that plans the action for carrying through the research data. Study can be exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory. Present study can’t be exploratory. We have already covered long distance. Can be either descriptive or explanatory. Who, what, where, when, or how much? Why? Explain the relationship. Decide about the purpose. Within explanatory à Correlational: identification of factors associated with the problem. Causal: establish definite cause-and-effect relationship. Help in deciding the mode of observation

Q4. Rational scale?

Ratio scales incorporate all thee powers of the previous scales plus the provision for absolute zero or origin. Ratio data represent the actual amounts of variable. Measures of physical dimensions such as weight, height, distance, and area are the examples. The absolute zero represents a point on the scale where there is an absence of the given attribute. If we hear that a person has zero amount of money, we understand the zero value of the amount.

Ratio Scale Properties

Uniquely classifies Preserves order Equal intervals – Natural zero – Weight and distance

Q5. Problem Definition.

Problem definition or problem statement is a clear, precise, and succinct statement of the question or issue that is to be investigated with the goal of finding an answer or solution. For example the problem could pertain to (1) existing business problems where the manager is looking for a solution,(2) situation that may not pose any current problems but which the manager feels have scope for improvement, (3) areas where some conceptual clarity is needed for better theory building, or (4) situations in which a researcher is trying to answer a research question empirically because of interest in the topic.

Translate the broad issue into a research question. Management dilemma into management question – symptoms of the problem. Productivity decline. Demand for daycare facilities

Q6. Report Writing:

Communicating the research findings. Report is technical. Managers are selective readers. Interested only in recommendations. Historical document. Academic purpose – dissertations. Specific format. Writing of research papers

Q7. Advantages of E-Mail Surveys:

Speed of distribution. Lower distribution and processing cost. More flexibility. Less handling of paper questionnaires. Many respondents more comfortable in impersonal communication.