VU current papers 2026: what came in the exam

MCQs were very easy. Most MCQs were from this YT Video ( MCQs topics were fuzzy, CLIPS, supervised and unsupervised, Information Gain and Entropy, Candidate Elimination, components of expert system, phases of machine learning, a problem has how many parts, AND OR XOR, Membership Functions 0 to 1, Condition predicates, many were worded like tell how many parts this has OR dash is the phase of this etc etc Short Q ESDLC write any three phases statement and to support answer with reasons. related to machine learning statement regarding Information Gain and to support answer with reasons tell about short term and long term memory in expert systems with daily life example Long Q statement and to support answer with reasons. related to Biological NN and Computer, which one is faster in speed one more was also statement and to support the answer with reasons dont remember the third as well but mostly statements SOME TIPS: Just watch Short Lectures on 2x (takes 1.5 hours) and watch the video mentioned above. Max it will take 1.5 to 2.5 hours for overall preparation.MCQs were very easy. Most MCQs were from this YT Video ( MCQs topics were fuzzy, CLIPS, supervised and unsupervised, Information… See more See less

CS607 (Artificial Intelligence) Final Exam Q&A Question 39: Genetic Algorithms & Evolutionary Theory Question: How genetic evolution theory forms the base for Genetic Algorithms? Briefly explain. Answer: Genetic algorithms mimic Darwinian natural selection, using biological processes like selection, crossover, and mutation to iteratively evolve and find the fittest solutions over multiple generations. Detailed Explanation: Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are search and optimization techniques inspired directly by Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution. In nature, organisms that are best suited to their environment survive and pass on their traits to the next generation. GAs apply this exact concept to solve complex computational problems using the following mapped steps: Population (Organisms): Instead of animals or plants, the algorithm starts with a "population" of random, potential mathematical or logical solutions to a problem. Fitness Function (Survival): Every solution is evaluated and given a "fitness score" based on how well it solves the problem. Selection (Survival of the Fittest): The algorithm selects the solutions with the highest fitness scores to become "parents". Crossover (Reproduction): The selected parent solutions are combined to create "offspring" solutions. Mutation (Genetic Variation): Random, small changes are occasionally introduced into the offspring to ensure diversity. Question 40: Fuzzy Logic Functions Question: Min(), Max() are the functions which are performed over the inputs in fuzzy inference systems to get resultant output. Below is the table with two inputs X, Y and suppose there is a Boolean 'OR' and Boolean 'AND' operator... Write the function used for evaluation to get output and complete the table. Answer: * The equivalent function for 'OR' is Max(X,Y) resulting in column values: 0, 1, 1, 1. The equivalent function for 'AND' is Min(X,Y) resulting in column values: 0, 0, 0, 1. Detailed Explanation: The "OR" Operator = Max(X, Y): In fuzzy logic, an "OR" operation takes the highest value. Max(0, 0) = 0 | Max(0, 1) = 1 | Max(1, 0) = 1 | Max(1, 1) = 1 The "AND" Operator = Min(X, Y): In fuzzy logic, an "AND" operation takes the lowest value. Min(0, 0) = 0 | Min(0, 1) = 0 | Min(1, 0) = 0 | Min(1, 1) = 1 CLIPS Command Question Question: Clips command for printing hello world Answer: ```clips (printout t "Hello World" crlf) **Breakdown:** * `printout`: The CLIPS function used to display information. * `t`: Represents the standard output device (terminal). * `"Hello World"`: The literal text string to print. * `crlf`: "Carriage return line feed," which moves the cursor to a new line. --- ## Question 24 (Part 1 - BFS Traversal Pseudocode) **Question:** Complete the missing code from the following pseudo code of a BFS traversal, using ite **Answer:** * **Line 1:** graph * **Line 3:** queue * **Line 6:** pop * **Line 8:** node * **Line 10:** neighbor --- expand tune chat_spark## Question 24 (Part 2 - N-Queens / Backtracking Pseudocode) **Question:** Complete the missing code in the following pseudocode of a recursive backtracking func **Answer:** * **Line 1:** board * **Line 2:** n * **Line 5:** column * **Line 6:** row * **Line 10:** falseCS607 (Artificial Intelligence) Final Exam Q&A Question 39: Genetic Algorithms & Evolutionary Theory Question: How genetic… See more See less

short questions Q1. CLIPS command to print "Hello World" Q2. difference Between supervised and unsupervised Q3. {< H, H >} {< ?, ? >} given thy or kuch likha tha yad nhi Q4. ek inference system hai us mai waiter ko tip di jati hai 2 inputs hain (input1 input2) or range 1 to10 hai or boht sy steps hoti hain. Pocha tha k 2 types ki input hti hai to kia hai ANSWER membership function or actual value long quesions Q1. neural networks k at 3 drawbacks ko elaborate karain Q2. CLIPS command likni thi deftemplate k syntax mai or facts bnany thy employee Emp_ID Emp_Name Emp_Salary Emp_Age Q3. instance space mai jo values hai wo concept space par depend nhi karti explain.short questions Q1. CLIPS command to print "Hello World" Q2. difference Between supervised and unsupervised Q3. {< H, H >} {< ?… See more See less

Short Questions 1. CLIPS command of "Hello World" 2. STRIPS languege goal of a planning problem is to be at the hotel with radio. 3. Difference between training and validation in machine learning 4. Is boolean logic is the subset of fuzzy logic? Justify your answer with valid reasons. Long Questions 1. Which formal Inference System is suitable for making automobile engine diagnotics? Justify your answer with atleast two argument. 2. Explain membership function with its characterictics in fuzzy logic. 3. Explain Information gain with entropy and its formula.Short Questions 1. CLIPS command of "Hello World" 2. STRIPS languege goal of a planning problem is to be at the hotel with radio… See more See less

Mcqs are vu file and some handout Conflict resolution strategy Fuzzy logic and probability are same concept yes or no give reason Genetic algorithm Wala tha aik Role of expert system Aik question waiter or tip ka Wala tha input 1 and 2 range thi 0 - 10 value of input and output btani thiMcqs are vu file and some handout Conflict resolution strategy Fuzzy logic and probability are same concept yes or no give reason… See more See less

Paper Sara handouts MN sy tha concept clear ho to easy tha....clip MN Sy short long dono aay hoy thy...diff bt crips and fuzzy.... candidate eliminated algorithm k key Batany thy total paper easy tha..... unfortunately MN beemar thee so mra normal hi hua Baaqi Allah pak sab Khair kryn gy sab ko uss ki mehnat ka phal zaroor Mily ga achy ki umeed rkho apny concept clear kro or mazy Sy paper dy aao..😋Paper Sara handouts MN sy tha concept clear ho to easy tha....clip MN Sy short long dono aay hoy thy...diff bt crips and… See more See less