ENG502 Final Term Past Papers Compiled

1. Near London is example of PREPOSITIONAL phrase

2. He drew the picture with a crayon; HERE caryon IS INSTRUMENT

3. Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of linguistics which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems
4. Semantic role is the UNDERLYING relationship that a participant has with the main verb in a clause.

5. Anaphora can be defined as subsequent reference to an already introduced entity

6. Semantic development in a child's use of words is usually a process of

7. Sihia is the language of

JAPAN

8. Young, Lichun and Jun (2001) analyzed contents of four Chinese journals of Applied Linguistics
9. Psycholinguistics is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language.
10. Social-Cultural context still includes factors such as illiteracy rate, population geographic distribution, educational level and the populations’ ethnic composition

11. The sources of lexicographers are SECONDARY fieldwork

12. The first component is grammatical competence, which involves the accurate use of words and structures.
13. The deep structure is an abstract level of structural organization in which all the elements determining structural interpretation are represented.
14. If an agent uses another entity in order to perform an action, that other entity fills the role of instrument .
15. The idea of ‘the characteristic instance’ of a category is known as the Prototype.
16. Semantic development in a child's use of words is usually a process of ......

17. The sentence can be grammatically correct but SEMANTICALLY

incorrect.

18. One of the tests used to check for the presuppositions underlying sentences involves negating a sentence with a particular presupposition and checking if the presupposition remains true.
19. The acquisition of the plural marker is often accompanied by a process of OVERGENERALIZATION
20. Two Word stage begins around eighteen to twenty months. The child’s vocabulary moves beyond FIFTY WORDS.
21. Electronic dictionary databases, especially those included with software dictionaries are often extensive and can contain up to 500,000 headwords and definitions, verb conjugation tables, and a grammar reference section
22. Two word stage occurs between 18 to 24 month.

Q. E-Dictionary:

An electronic dictionary is a dictionary whose data exists in digital form and can be accessed through a number of different media.

Electronic dictionaries can be found in several forms, including:

as dedicated handheld devices

as apps on smartphones and tablet computers or computer software

as a function built into an E-reader

As CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs, they are typically packaged with a printed dictionary to be installed on the user’s own computer. As free or paid-for online products most of the early electronic dictionaries were print dictionaries made available in digital form. The content was identical. But the electronic editions provided users with more powerful search functions. But soon the opportunities offered by digital media began to be exploited.

Electronic dictionary databases, especially those included with software dictionaries are often extensive and can contain up to 500,000 headwords and definitions, verb conjugation tables, and a grammar reference section. Bilingual electronic dictionaries and monolingual dictionaries of inflected languages often include an interactive verb conjugator, and are capable of word stemming and lemmatization. Electronic dictionaries are also available in logographic and rightto-left scripts, including Arabic, Persian, Chinese, Devanagari, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, and Thai. Several developers of the systems that drive electronic dictionary software offer API and SDK – Software Development Kit tools for adding various language-based functions to programs, and web services such as the AJAX API used by Google.

Q. Stages of Child language learning:

The stages of language production by the children focusing primarily on the unfolding of lexical and syntactic knowledge are mentioned as follows:

Stage · Typical Age · Description Age

Babbling 6-8 months Repetitive CV patterns Oneword stage(better onemorpheme or oneunit) or holophrastic stage 9-18 months Single open-class words or word stems

Two-word stage 18-24 months ‘mini-sentences’ with simple semantic relations Telegraphic stage or early multiword stage 24-30 months ‘Telegraphic’ sentence structures of lexical rather than functional or grammatical morphemes. Later multiword stage 30+ months Grammatical or functional structure emerge.

Q. Two Phrase Structure Rule:

These are the rules that form phrases of different types e.g., noun phrase, verb phrase, and adjective phrase etc. A tree diagram can have two different ways: simply as a static representation of the structure of the sentence shown at the bottom of the tree diagram. Every single sentence can have a tree diagram. The other one is the dynamic format which is a way of generating not only that particular sentence, but a very large number of other sentences with similar structures. This second approach is very appealing because it would enable us to generate a very large number of sentences with what looks like a very small number of rules. These rules are called phrase structure rules.

These rules state that the structure of a phrase of a specific type will consist of one or more constituents in a particular order. Phrase structure rules present the information of the tree diagram in another format.

•  S → NP VP