ENG502 Midterm Past Papers Spring 2025

ENG502

Mid-Term

ABSTRACT This comprehensive collection of notes is accurately crafted to empower students to excel academically, ensuring they achieve a minimum of 80% marks in their examinations. The content is organized with clarity and precision, focusing on key concepts, critical analyses, and practical applications tailored to the syllabus. These notes serve as a reliable resource for both thorough preparation and last-minute revision. Designed to inspire confidence and mastery, this guide is an essential tool for students striving for academic excellence.

Maha Malik

Spring 2025 · Short Questions (3 Marks Each) Answers · 1. Difference between Hyponym and Co-hyponym:

o A hyponym is a word that represents a category member (e.g., "rose" is a hyponym of "flower"). o Co-hyponyms are words that share the same superordinate (e.g., "rose" and "tulip" are co-hyponyms of "flower").

2. Explain Prototype:

o A prototype is the most typical example of a category (e.g., a robin is a prototype of the category "bird").

3. Forensic Linguistics:

o It is the application of linguistic knowledge to legal contexts, such as analyzing written or spoken language for criminal investigations.

4. What is Particle Movement?:

o A syntactic phenomenon where a particle (like "up" or "off") can shift position in a phrasal verb, e.g., "pick up the book" or "pick the book up."

5. Explain Time Deixis with Two Examples:

o Time deixis refers to expressions that locate events in time, like "now," "then," "tomorrow." E.g., " He came yesterday." / "I will go tomorrow."

6. Right Ear Advantage:

o It is a phenomenon in dichotic listening tasks where the right ear often perceives verbal stimuli more accurately due to left hemisphere language dominance.

7. Difference between Accent and Dialect:

o Accent refers to pronunciation differences. Dialect includes grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation specific to a region or group.

8. What is the Wave Model? (Short):

o A theory of language change suggesting that linguistic innovations spread out in waves from a central point, influencing nearby dialects.

9. Define Two-Word Stage:

o A stage in child language acquisition (around 18–24 months) where children begin combining two words, e.g., "mommy go," "want juice."

10. Define Discourse Analysis:

The study of language use beyond the sentence level, focusing on how texts and conversations are structured.

11. Transformational Rule and Deletion:

Transformational rules change the structure of sentences, such as converting a statement into a question. Deletion removes elements, like subject deletion in commands (e.g., " Go!").

12. Explain Social/Cultural Context:

It refers to the background of speakers, including norms, beliefs, and values, which influence language use and interpretation.

13. Name Parts of the Human Brain Related to Language Function:

Broca’s Area, Wernicke’s Area, Motor Cortex, Arcuate Fasciculus.

14. Define Neurolinguistics:

The study of how language is represented in the brain and how brain damage affects language use.

15. Give Synonyms:

Buy: Purchase Big: Large

16. Difference between Diglossia and Polyglossia:

Diglossia: Two language varieties used in different contexts. Polyglossia: The coexistence of more than two varieties/languages in a community.

17. What is IC (Immediate Constituent) Analysis?:

A method of analyzing sentence structure by breaking it into its immediate parts or constituents.

18. Define Turn-taking:

A conversational structure where participants alternate speaking roles to maintain dialogue coherence.

19. One Basic Step of Constituent Analysis:

Dividing a sentence into smaller syntactic units (e.g., noun phrase, verb phrase).

20. Define Affective and Social Meaning:

Affective meaning expresses speaker's emotions. Social meaning conveys social identity or context (e.g., formality).

21. What is the Holophrastic Stage?:

A stage where a single word represents a whole idea, e.g., "milk" may mean "I want milk."

22. Define Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts:

Locutionary: The actual act of saying something. Illocutionary: The intended function of the statement (e.g., request, order).