ENG507 Final Term Past Papers

ENG507

Final-Term (✨✨✨✨✨) ABSTRACT This comprehensive collection of notes is accurately crafted to empower students to excel academically, ensuring they achieve a minimum of 80% marks in their examinations. The content is organized with clarity and precision, focusing on key concepts, critical analyses, and practical applications tailored to the syllabus. These notes serve as a reliable resource for both thorough preparation and last-minute revision. Designed to inspire confidence and mastery, this guide is an essential tool for students striving for academic excellence.

Maha Malik Phonetics and Phonology

(02 Marks Questions)

Q. spectrogram help to know about bilabial sound.....2 [The most favourite of VU; V.V.IMP for 2 marks questions. They are asking about stops or bilabial or approximants.]

•  Voiced - vertical striations corresponding to the vibrations of the vocal folds
•  Bilabial - locus of both second and third formants comparatively low
•  Alveolar - locus of second formant about 1700–1800 Hz.
•  Velar - usually high locus of the second formant
•  Retroflex - general lowering of the third and fourth formants
•  Stop - gap in pattern (with burst for voiceless and sharp formant beginning for voiced stops)
•  Fricative - random noise pattern in higher frequency regions
•  Nasal - formant structure similar to that of vowels (with formants at 250, 2500, and 3250)
•  Lateral - formant structure similar to that of vowels (with formants at 250, 1200, and 2400)
•  Approximant - formant structure similar to that in vowels, usually changing

Q. Memory for Speech [Another favourite of VU; V.V.IMP for 2 marks questions. They ask it for speaking style, sound change or any one of them.]

The role of the memory for speech under the exemplar theory suggests that many instances of each word are stored in memory and their phonetic variability is memorized rather than computed. The main postulates of the concepts are given here:

•  Language universal features: Broad phonetic classes (e.g., aspirated vs. unaspirated) derive from physiological constraints on speaking or hearing, but their detailed phonetic definitions are arbitrary—a matter of community norms.
•  Speaking styles: No one style is basic (from which others are derived), because all are stored in memory. Bilingual speakers store two systems.
•  Generalization and productivity: Exemplar theory says that generalization is also possible within productivity. Interestingly, productivity—the hallmark of linguistic knowledge in the phonetic implementation approach—is the least developed aspect of the exemplar theory.
•  Sound change: Sound change is phonetically gradual and operates across the whole lexicon. It is a gradual shift as new instances keep on adding.

Q. Three Types of Sounds Related to Approximants

Voiced alveolar approximant (/ɹ/) Voiced alveolar lateral approximant (/l/) Voiced labiodental approximant (/ʋ/).

Q. Part of the Vocal Cord That Helps in Producing Sound

The vocal folds (vocal cords) inside the larynx (sound box) are responsible for phonation.

Q. While keeping in view tube model theory. Fill in the blanks:

At a steady rate, the “utterance” is on a monotone. In other words, what you hear as the changes in pitch are actually the changes in the overtones of this monotone “voice.”

Q. Fill in the blanks while keeping in view the stress timed language

Stress-timed rhythm is one of these rhythmical types, and is said to be characterized by a tendency for stressed syllables to occur at equal intervals of time.

Q. Fill in the blanks in order to place the format values on excel sheet for their presentation on the scatter chart, we follow certain steps:

By putting F1 and F2 in separate columns, write the formant values associated with different vowels (giving vowels in the first column, the difference between F2 and F1 in the second column and F1 in the third).

Q. Y/N about IPA text in ELT classroom

a) For transcription of audio (listening) based activities (YES)

b) By involving students on using dictionaries (ideally the phonetic dictionaries) in the classroom.

(YES)

c) For learning translation and tenses. (NO)

1. Phonetics & Phonology

Phonetics: Study of speech sounds (production, transmission, perception) Phonology: Study of sound patterns in a language

Types of phonetics:

Articulatory Acoustic Auditory

2. Syllable

A syllable is a unit of pronunciation containing one vowel sound. Examples:

CV (simple): to CVC (moderate): cat CCVCC / CCCVCC (complex): street

Word minimization = 5 syllables /mɪ.nɪ.maɪ.zeɪ.ʃən/