ENG512 Final Term Short Notes

Q: Language practices can also be turned into something about which people, communities, and states have opinions and feelings that is, language practices or _________. dialect sociology c

Q: Languaging practices are ______ into languages. focused codified modified taken b

Q: Urdu has become an important identity marker for _______after independence. Indo Pak Sub continent Pakistanis Pak & Bangladesh c

Q: Some languages have acquired a sanctity dimension for example__ _______for Muslims. Arabic Persian Urdu English a

Q: Languages are not_______ codes by themselves. Determined fixed error b

Q: There is no _____fixed structure to language. natural worthy well terminated a

Q: Michel Foucault, discourse conceives language as a form of ________ practices that naturally occurs in connected speech and written text with those who participate in the event. societal Commercial regional social d

Q:_________goes beyond discourse to say that there is only languaging. Pennycook b

Q: Dialects, pidgins, creoles, and ________are instances of languaging. Non academic academic diglossic classic b

Q: For linguists, the term __________is a neutral term used for variants of a specific language. language Creole dialect pidgin c

Q: Romaine defines dialect as a _____variety of a language. Superior dominate Higher subordinate d

Q: Regional dialects, associated with a_______. place country planet Society a

Q: Social dialects, associated with______. Social class Domestic Elite class People a Q: Historical dialects referring to ______of present language varieties. Persons ancestors Politicians b

Q: There are also ethnic dialects spoken by ___groups. eethnolinguistics social Class Labor a

Q: People often reserve the term ________for languages or ways of using language. Language dialect Code switching b

Q: A_________ is a dialect with an army and a navy. language Creole pidgin Code a

Q: Language is most often not linguistic but_________ and having to do with the power of its speakers. domestic social economic technological b

Q: Many lay people also assume that _________are varieties of a language that are mutually intelligible. Dialect codes Intelligence a

Q: Hindi and Urdu, though mutually intelligible are considered_________ languages. one two four six b

Q: It is better to use the term ________of language practices when speaking of different ways in which people use language. consistencies numbers complex varieties d

Q: ________are defined by linguists as languages that come into being in contact situations, and are used by speakers with different language backgrounds. creole languages pidgins c

Q: Pidgins are always learned as________ languages. first second third Fourth b

Q: When pidgins become standardized, and adopted as the language of the home by a majority of the population, they are known as________. Social groups languages dialects creoles d

Q: Creoles are said to be lexically and structurally________ easy Mild complex light c

Q: Michel De Graff has argued against what he calls Creole _________. Easy to speak exceptionalism difficult b Q: __________argues, there is no way to distinguish one from the other. Noam chomskey Steven pinker Eve clark DeGraff d

Q: The languaging of creole speakers takes different features from their entire linguistic________. capability repertoire inefficiency Will power b

Q: Languaging has more features of the creole itself, leading linguists to refer to this variety as a

basilect Dialect language ineptitude a

Q: Standardization is not an________ characteristic of language. inherent capability inefficiency b

Q: _________occurs by fixing and regulating such features as the spelling and the grammar of a language in dictionaries and grammar books which are then used for prescriptive teaching of the language. Errors Mistakes Difference b

Q: The term standard language is often used in opposition to standard is ___________. vernacular jargon slang Literary a

Q:Coulmas defines standard as a _________variety of language. low standard prestigious good c

Q: The standard norm is decided and codified by a _________group, disseminated through the institutions of the state such as education and then usage is constantly policed and users dissuaded from divergent practices, both formally and informally. class social economic central d

Q: _________ play a lot of attention to the teaching of language itself. Society school Language b

Q: _________is central in school because it is also the means through which teaching and learning occurs. class books language pen c

Q:Standardization and literacy are intrinsically________. linked Differ Exists standard a

Q: The acquisition of literacy presupposes the existence of a codified written standard, and Standardization depends on the existence of a ________form of language. Learned Taken Exclusive written d

Q: Literacy relies on the_________, the standard language itself is taught explicitly in school, and it certainly needs to be taught.