ENG512 Final Term Short Notes by RS Learning

IMPORTANT SUBJECTIVE / OBJECTIVE · Final-Term PREPERATION · Chpt wise · Lesson 21 – 44 · Paper pattern

•  The Final-Term exam will cover lectures 21-44
•  The duration of the final term exam will be 90 min (1.5hours) and there will be following two sections in your paper:
•  Section A: Objective questions
•  Section B: Subjective questions
•  In the subjective section, there will be a total of 10 questions:
•  six questions of 3 marks, out of which the students will attempt 4 questions at max,
•  and four questions of 5 marks, out of which the students will attempt 3 questions.

Objective Part

•  in 1953, UNESCO, responding to the educational failure of children in colonial situation
•  language minorities claimed their language rights and developed their own forms of bilingual schooling
•  A nation state is a mental construct made up of affinities such as language with imagined people
•  Languages are socially constructed
•  “glocalization” has been coined to note the presence of the local in the global and vice versa
•  Roland Robertson defined glocalization as “the simultaneity, the co- presence of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies.”
•  language practices or languaging also act as a symbol system (Fishman, 1996);
•  languaging practices are codified into languages
•  regional dialects, associated with a place,
•  “a language is a dialect with an army and a navy”
•  Languages codes are not fixed.
•  Creoles are lexically and structurally complex in nature
•  after World War I and II, people were forced to learn national languages
•  the dominance of English language is due to hegemony
•  teaching learning and assessment of students at school is done in standard language.
•  The variety of language that does not enjoy the equal prestige that a language does is known as, dialect
•  Linguicism is similar to Racism.
•  Standardization is not an inherent characteristic of language, but the result of a deliberate process.
•  . The ability to use the standard language is a developmental goal of education,
•  Students in school need to be able to use language without any extralinguistic support,
•  Cummins (1981b) calls them Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency

(CALP)

•  African American Vernacular English (AAVE)
•  Bilingual children tend to have more metalinguistic skills and divergent thinking than monolingual children
•  Bloomfield (1933), only considered native-like control of two languages as a sign of bilingualism but later scholars,
•  Schools legitimize Ideologies.
•  The dominance of English language is due to hegemony.
•  After World War I and II people were forced to learn national languages.
•  Schools legitimize Ideologies.