PAK301 Short Notes Complete

PAK301 Short Subjective Questions

1: What is ideology?

IDEOLOGY is a set of beliefs, values and ideals of a group and a nation.

2: What is the Ideology of Pakistan?

Ideology of Pakistan sought its roots from the religion of Islam. It basically means that Pakistan should be a state where the Muslims should have an opportunity to live according to their faith and creed based on the Islamic principles. They should have all the resources at their disposal to prosper and to enhance Islamic culture and civilization without any fear of being dominated by an unsympathetic Hindu majority.

3: What is Two Nation Theory?

Two Nation Theory means that there were two major nations in the British India. Both the nations were different and distinct from each other with regard to their culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of values and proportions, legal laws and moral codes, customs and calendars, history and tradition, in short they had their own distinct outlook on life and of life, so they would have their separate homelands

4: What was the Khilafat Movement/Tehrik-i-Khilafat?

The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of British India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslims' holy places to non-Muslims.

5: What was the Objectives Resolution?

The Objectives Resolution was the first constitutional document that proved ‘foundation’ of the constitutional developments in Pakistan. It provided parameters and sublime principles to the legislators. It made the constitution-making process easy task setting some particular objectives before them that would be acceptable to the people of Pakistan

6: What is foreign policy?

Foreign policy usually refers to as the general principles by which a state governs its reaction to the international environment and its interaction with other states7: RCD and ECO? RCD and ECO Pakistan, Iran and Turkey signed Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD) in July 1964. It worked for economic development till 1985. As it fell short of expectations and could not meet the goals set forth before it, so it was renamed as Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO). Later on, Afghanistan and five Central Asian Republics, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan joined it. Now ECO is working for more cooperation among its members to enhance development level of its members. Hope it will prove its worth and achieve the goal of development for its members

8: Islam believes in one nation (Ummah) then why Two Nation theory was propounded for the Muslims of the subcontinent?

Islam creates one Ummah (Nation). In no way it means that all the Muslims of the

world should come together and form one country. Islam believes in justice, peace, security and welfare of humanity. It exhorts its followers to struggle for the cause of Justice, peace, security and welfare of humanity. No matter where they are, they should follow its commands and injunctions. Boundries do not matter in Islam, what matters complete submission to Allah, following in the footsteps of the Holy Prophet and continuous struggle for justice and welfare of humanity. Pakistan was created on the basis of Two Nation theory because the causes for which Islam has stood since its inception was under threat in the subcontinent. It was not possible for the Muslims of the subcontinent to struggle freely for Islamic causes. It was in the fitness of things to propound Two Nation theory to create a separate state for the Muslims where they can prosper without the fear of unsympathetic majority.

9: What was the purpose of the Two Nation Theory of Sir syed Ahmad khan?

The purpose of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was to create awareness among the Muslims about their separate identity, to warn them of the Hindu designs and plots hatched to subjugate the Muslims, and to make the British accept and treat the Muslims as a separate nation. As he was a great well-wisher of the Muslims, so he thought the Two Nation Theory as a way to protect the Muslims' interests in the subcontinent. Given the conflicting interests, if Hindus and Muslims had been together after 1857, there would have been civil war in the subcontinent and the resultant destruction and dejection. Giving them their separate status and separate domain to work for their prosperity was the only solution to the complicated situation of the subcontinent. This was the real idea behind the Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's struggle.

10: What was Hindi-Urdu controversy?

During the last days of the Muslim rule, Urdu emerged as the most common language of the northwestern provinces of India. It was declared the official language, and all official records were written in this language. In 1867, some prominent Hindus started a movement in Banaras in which they demanded the replacement of Urdu with Hindi, and the Persian script with the Deva Nagri script, as the court language in the northwestern provinces. The reason for opposing Urdu was that the language was written in Persian script, which was similar to the Arabic script, and Arabic was the language of the Quran, the Holy Book of the Muslims. The movement grew quickly and within a few months spread throughout the Hindu population of the northwestern provinces of India. The headquarters of this movement were in Allahabad. This situation provoked the Muslims to come out in order to protect the importance of the Urdu language. The opposition by the Hindus towards the Urdu language made it clear to the Muslims of the region that Hindus were not ready to tolerate the culture and traditions of the Muslims. The UrduHindi controversy had a great effect on the life of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. Before this event he had been a great advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity and was of the opinion that the "two nations are like two eyes of the beautiful bride, India". But this